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Front 1

Patho physiology of Vomiting

Back 1

Forceful emptying of stomach and intestinal contents caused by CNS depression that activates the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla

Front 2

Pathophysiology of Diaherroea

Back 2

Increased frequent defecation which can result in more than 3 stools a day.

Front 3

3 mechanisms of diarrhoea

Back 3

Osmotic: excess water drawn into large intestine due to a non absorbable substance.

Secretory: excessive mucosal secretion of fluid and electrolytes due to bacteria or inflammation.

Increased Motility: impaired digestion due or increased motility due to increased fluid in chyme.

Front 4

Pathophysiology of Constipation

Back 4

Difficult infrequent defecation which may lead to overflow, hard stools causing a decrease in bowel movement per per/week.

Front 5

Pathophysiology of GI bleeding

Back 5

Bleeding through the GIT ranging anywhere from the pharynx to the rectum due to a rupture of a blood vessel which is caused by an increased vascular pressure trauma causing inflammation

Front 6

Red meat - cancer cells

Back 6

Promotes harmful bacteria in the large intestine which increase the risk of cancer cells

Front 7

Fatty acids - cancer cells

Back 7

Increase the concentration of vile acids will increase the risk of cancer cells.

Front 8

Fibre - cancer cells

Back 8

Increase the volume of stool which will decrease the risk of cancer cells.

Front 9

Omega 3 - cancer cells

Back 9

Promotes the liver to excrete carcinogens which will decrease the risk of cancer cells.

Front 10

Clinical manifestations of descending colon

Back 10

- small elevated button like masses

- bright red blood in stool

- stools become narrow

- stools become pencil shaped

Front 11

Clinical Manifestations of an ascending colon

Back 11

- polyp shaped finger like projection

- bright red mahogany blood in stool

- extends along one wall of the caecum and the lower ascending colon.

Front 12

Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension

Back 12

Abnormally high blood pressure in the portal vein caused by an obstruction or impeded blood flow through the liver due to thrombosis of inflammation of the liver

Front 13

Changes that occur to the liver caused by cirrhosis

Back 13

- cell necrosis occurs

- extensive degeneration

- destroys liver cells

- scar tissue occurs

- lobes become nodular

Front 14

Pathophysiology of cirrhosis of biliary cirrhosis of the liver.

Back 14

A disease that destroys the bile ducts through inflammation causing a blockage of bile in the liver where necrosis occurs causing cirrhosis. Cirrhosis then leads to scaring of the liver where the liver will eventually lose the ability to function.

Front 15

4 causes of hepatitis

Back 15

- illicit drugs

- alcohol

- chemicals

- toxic reactions to medications

Front 16

Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis

Back 16

Short term inflammation of the pancreas due to a pancreatic duct obstruction, impair the release of pancreatic enzymes. The enzymes then leak into the pancreatic tissue causing injury to vessels and organs.

Front 17

Pathophysiology of diverticular

Back 17

Herniation/sac like outpouchings in the lining of the bowel wall through the muscle layer. Are formed by increased pressure on the weakened spots of the intestinal wall by gas, water or liquid. Can be caused when straining common in the sigmoid colon

Front 18

Cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol

Back 18

High alcohol consumption causes inflammation of the liver. Causes fatty liver, fibrosis and liver damage. May develop alcoholic hepatitis and build up of fat accumulation

Front 19

Cirrhosis of the liver due to obesity

Back 19

Build up of fat in the liver due to lifestyle eating