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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Because data collected is associated with some location in space |
Geographic |
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Because attributes or the characteristics (data) about the space is what we want to learn about. |
Informational |
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Because there must be a tie from the information to the geography in aseamless operation. |
System |
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Is a computer system used by people capable of ASSEMBLING, storing manipulating and displaying geographically referenced information |
Geographic Information System |
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digitally represent and analyze the geographic features |
Geographic Information System |
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collection, maintenance, storage,analysis, output, and distribution of spatial data and information |
Geographic Information System |
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A tool for making and using spatial information |
Geographic Information System |
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GIS as a tool can be use for: |
Collecting Storing Retrieving at will Transforming Displaying -spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purpose |
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In most cases, a GIS can be thought of as a computerized map containing various layers or “themes” (e.g., rice culture, roads, contours, river, etc.) |
GIS |
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4 Data Source |
Street Data Building Data Vegetation Data Integrated Data |
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Is stored in layers. |
Information |
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Displayed by overlaying all data requested on a single map. |
Data |
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5 Major Components of GIS |
Methods Software Hardware Data People |
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Refers to computer component that form the physical framework. |
Hardware |
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Refers to various computer programs that provide the functions and tools needed to store, analyze and display. |
Software |
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Functions commonly provided by GIS software : |
Data entry Editing Data Management Analysis Output |
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Refer to the well-designed plans or management frameworks that are followed in the operation of GIS |
Methods or Procedures |
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Types of Data Entry |
-manual coordinate capture -attribute capture -data import |
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2 types of Editing |
-Manual point, line and area feature editing -Manual attribute editing
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Data Management
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-Copy, subset, merge data -Data registration and projection -Summarization and data reduction |
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5 Types of Analysis |
Spatial query Attribute query Buffering Boundary dissolve Spatial data overlay
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4 Types of OUTPUT
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Map design and layout Hardcopy printing Export format generation Digital map serving |
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This is the most important component in a GIS. |
People |
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The availability and accuracy of the data can affect the results of any query or analysis. |
Data |
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data set typically composed of two types |
Geometric Data and Attribute Data |
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The selection and purchase of hardware and software is often the easiest and quickest step in the development of GIS. |
GIS components |
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2 TYPES OF GIS DATA |
Spatial Data or Geometry Attribute Data |
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represents the geographic features associated with real- world locations.
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Spatial Data |
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Provide descriptive characteristics of the geographic features. |
Attribute Data |
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2 TYPES OF SPATIAL DATA |
Vector Raster |
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Digital data have been captured as points, lines (a series of point coordinates), or areas (shapes bounded by lines) |
Vector |
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3 Represeting features and vector data |
Point Line Polygon or Area |
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Represents single location. It defines a map object too small to show as a line or polygon. |
Point |
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A set of connected ordered coordinates representing the linear shape of a map object that may be too narrow to display as an area. |
Line |
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Is a closed figure whose boundary encloses a homogenous area such as town, property, soil type, lake. |
Polygon or Area |
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Data structures are represented in a grid or pixel that is referenced to some coordinate system |
Raster |
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Raster files can be :
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Manipulated quickly by the computer . They are often less detailed and. May be less visually appealing than vector data files.
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VECTOR DATA: in ArcGIS/ArcView, vector data are in shape file format mandatory files : |
shp (shape format) shx (shape index format) dbf (attribute format) prj (projection format) sbn and sbx (spatial index of the features) shp.xml (geospatial metadata |
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RASTER DATA in ArcGIS, raster data formats include:
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TIFF BMP ENVI BIL BIP BSQ GIF GRID IMAGINE Image JP2 JPG PNG
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Magnified view of Magnified views of the same GIS data the same GIS data file, shown in raster file. converted into format. vector format. |
Raster to Vector |
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“act of assigning locations to different points of interests (POIs) on the basis of a coordinate system” (Longley et al., 2001) |
Georeferencing |
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Is a cross platform free and open-source desktop GIS application that provides data viewing, editing, and analysis |
Quantum GIS |
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What is QGIS? |
an official project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation |
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6 QGIS Interface : |
Menu Bar Tool Bar Side Tool Bar Table of Content or Layer List Map canvas Status Bar |
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The File toolbar allows you to save, load, print, and start a new project. |
Tool Bars |
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This is where the map itself is displayed. |
Map Canvass |
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Shows you information about the current map. |
Status Bar |
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Also allows you to adjust the map scale and see the mouse cursor’s coordinates on the map. |
Status Bar |
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What are the 4 layer list / table of contents (TOC) |
Benguet systematic points 2 Tree inventory CAR UTM Philippine UTM |
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5 table contents shows: |
The name of each layers The legend of each layer Whether a layer is on or off The order the layer are drawn in Which layer is active Which layer is editable |
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Represents a distinct set of geographic features in a particular geographic data source. |
Layer |
