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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does the esophagus pass through the diaphgram? What cavity does it go into?
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The left crux at vertebral level T10
Peritoneal cavity |
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Peristalsis of the esophagus is done by what tissue?
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Muscularis externa
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Esophagus is anterior or posterior to the midline of the mediastinum?
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posterior
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Is there absorption in the esophagus?
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No
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Describe the adventitia after it crosses the diaphgram
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Have mesothelial cells, lined with a serosa
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What does the muscularis mucosa not do?
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Does not do mucosal squeeze or mucosal flutter
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Describe the esophagus epithelium
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stratified, squamous, non-keratinized, traces of keratohyalin protein, and melanocytes
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What is the turnover rate of the epithelium?
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15 days
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What do the melanocytes in the epithelium do?
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They make melanin, which neutralizes the O2 radicals given off by dying bacteria.
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Digestion within the esophagus is accomplished by ________?
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Salivary amylase and lingual lipase
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What layer of the epithelium are stem cells located?
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Stratum basale
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Describe the three sections of the muscularis externa
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upper 1/3: totally skeletal
middle third: mixture of smooth and skeletal lower third: totally smooth |
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Extensive vascularization occurs at _______?
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lowest part of the esophagus where it meets the cardiac stomach.
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Vascularization problems occur in what disease?
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Alcholism. These vascularizations can burst due to portal hypertension from anastomoses with those vssels.
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Acid impact on the epithelium of the esophagus can cause ____?
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metaplasia.
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium --> simple columnar epithelium of surface mucus cells |
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What can happen with chronic GERD?
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continued metaplasis until epitheliual cells lose contact inhibition, break through basal lamina, and enter block vessels to metastasize to other parts of the body.
Barret's esophagus can also develop |
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Esophagus goes from ______ to __________.
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pharynx --> cardiac region of the stomach
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How does esophagus epithelium counter friction?
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Lamina propria interdigitate with downgrowths of epithelium. Result: no flat cleavage plane.
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Where are lymphocyte aggregations in the esophagus?
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Around the esophageal glands in the submucosa.
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Where are mucus glands in the esophagus?
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In the distal esophagus near the LES.
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Do esophageal glands and cardic glands have myoepithelial cells?
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No, because the muscularis externa peristalsis is enough.
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What molecules do GALT in the esophagus lumen use?
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products of salivary gland:
lysozyme, muramidase, lactoferrin, sIgA. |
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What is Barrett's esophagus?
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disease characterized by:
1) esophageal ulcer formation 2) pain 3) swelling 4) hypertrophy of the smooth muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter |
