Gih Week 2: Parasitic Infections Of The Liver And Gi

Front 1

Which parasite is a dog tapeworm?

Back 1

Echinococcus granulosus

Front 2

What disease does Echinococcus granulosus cause?

Back 2

Hydatid or unilocular hydatid disease

Front 3

How is Echinococcus granulosus transmitted?

Back 3

Ingesting eggs from soil, water, or dog fur

Front 4

Which parasite results in the formation of fluid filled cysts in the brain, lungs, and liver?

Back 4

Echinoccus granulosus

Front 5

What symptoms are caused by an Echinococcus granulosus infection?

Back 5

1. Bloody sputum
2. Neurologic disorders
3. Hepatic disorders
4. Abdominal pain
5. Biliary obstruction
6. Fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis <---ruptured cyst

Front 6

How can you diagnose an Echinococcus granulosus infection?

Back 6

Imaging and serology
Identify aspirates from cysts

Front 7

What treatment is required for an Echinococcus granulosus infection?

Back 7

1. Surgery to remove cysts
2. Albendazole

Front 8

Which parasite results in Alveolar cyst disease?

Back 8

Echinococcus multiloculari

Front 9

Which parasite is a fox tapeworm?

Back 9

Echinococcus multiloculari
(endemic to fox hunters)

Front 10

How is Echinoccocus multilocularis transmitted?

Back 10

Digestion of eggs in fox feces

Front 11

How does Echinoccus multilocularis manifest in the host and cause disease?

Back 11

The larvae form multiloculated cysts in liver

Front 12

What are some symptoms associated with an Echinococcus multilocularis infection?

Back 12

1. Abdominal pain (Biliary obstruction)
2. Multilocular liver cysts

Front 13

Which parasite results in a more severe dissease-- Echinococcus granulosus or Echinoccocus multilocularis?

Back 13

Echinococcus multilocularis
(cysts can gradually invade neighboring tissues)

Front 14

What is the drug of choice for E. multilocularis?

Back 14

Albendazole

Front 15

Which parasites result in "swimmer's itch"?

Back 15

Schistosoma mansoni
S. japonicum
S. haematobium

*Schistosomiasis

Front 16

How are Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium transmitted?

Back 16

Free-swimming cercariae (larval stage) penetrate the skin

Front 17

What are some symptoms associated with the acute phase of Schistosomiasis?

Back 17

1. Dermatitis; swimmer's itch (cercariae)
2. Fever
3. Cough
4. Abdominal pain
5. Diarrhea
6. Hepatosplenomegaly
7. Eosinophilia (mature worms)

Front 18

What type of parasites are Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium?

Back 18

Blood flukes

Front 19

In the chronic phase of Schistosomiasis, what will tissue biopsies show?

Back 19

Large granulomas surrounding eggs

Front 20

Describe the various anatomical locations where Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium manifest.

Back 20

1. Mansoni --> GI tract and liver
2. Japonicum--> GI tract and liver
3. Haemotobium --> Urinary tract

Front 21

A chronic infection of Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, or S. haematobium can result in what symptom?

Back 21

Portal hypertension

Front 22

Which Schistosoma blood fluke results in bloody urine, urinary tract infections, cystitis, and bladder neoplasms?

Back 22

Schistosoma haematobium

Front 23

How can you diagnose Schistosomiasis?

Back 23

Identification of eggs in stool or urine

Front 24

What is the drug of choice for Schistosomiasis?

Back 24

Praziquantal

Front 25

Which parasite causes Clonorchiasis?

Back 25

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 26

What is the epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni?

Back 26

Africa, Latin America

Front 27

What is the epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium?

Back 27

Africa, Middle East

Front 28

What is the epidemiology of Schistosoma japonicum?

Back 28

Asia

Front 29

What is the mode of transmission for Clonorchis sinensis?

Back 29

Ingestion of cercariae from raw or undercooked fish

Front 30

Which parasite causes bile obstruction which can lead to cholangitis, cholangiohepatitis, and (although rare) cholangiocarcinomas?

Back 30

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 31

How can you diagnose Clonorchiasis?

Back 31

Identification of eggs in stool

Front 32

What is the appropriate treatment for Clonorchiasis?

Back 32

Prazinquantal

Front 33

How can you prevent Clonorchiasis?

Back 33

Eat properly cooked fish and proper disposal of human waste.

Front 34

Which parasitic infection is referred to as the "sheep liver fluke disease?"

Back 34

Fasciola hepatica
(Fascioliosis)

Front 35

How is Fasciola hepatica transmitted?

Back 35

Ingestion of metacercariae larva encysted in aquatic plants.

Front 36

What are some acute phase symptoms associated with Fascioliosis?

Back 36

1. RUQ pain
2. Hepatomegaly
3. Fever
4. Eosinophilia

Front 37

What are some chronic phase symptoms associated with Fascioliosis?

Back 37

1. Jaundice
2. Biliary tract obstruction and inflammation

Front 38

How can you diagnose Fascioliosis?

Back 38

Identification of eggs in stool

Front 39

How can you prevent Fascioliosis?

Back 39

Do not eat aquatic vegetables or raw sheep liver...

Front 40

What is the treatment of choice for Fascioliosis?

Back 40

Triclabendazole

Front 41

What is the epidemiology of Fasciolopsiasis?

Back 41

Asia and Indian subcontinent
(particularly in areas where pigs are raised closely to aquatic vegetation)

Front 42

How is Fasciolopsis buski transmitted?

Back 42

Digestion of contaminated aquatic vegetables that contain cysts

Front 43

What are some symptoms associated with Fasciolopsiasis?

Back 43

1. Diarrhea
2. Abdominal pain
3. Fever
5. Ascites
6. Intestinal obstruction

Front 44

How do you diagnose Fasciolopsiasis?

Back 44

Finding the egg in the feces

Front 45

What is the treatment for Fasciolopsiasis?

Back 45

Praziquantel