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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Expensive tissue hypothesis |
– the idea that largerbrain can only come at expense of smaller gut – have to increase diet quality |
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social brain hypothesis |
the idea that one of themain benefits of greater intelligence is that it helps to be more successful ina social group. |
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earth oven |
digging a hole and cooking food in it. the Illinois |
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USO |
Underground storage organ. starches, |
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Salivary Amylase |
in your mouth that breaks down starches |
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Sexual division of labor |
universal practice for some tasks to be doneonly by males or females. males hunt females gather |
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pair bonding |
husband protected wife's food, wife cooked for husband. long term relationship between males and females |
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Why starches important part of human diet? |
-source glycemic carbs -helps brain, kidneys, red blood cells, reproductive tissues -endurance running (glucose) -fetal quality -higher quality, easier to digest |
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Why is intellect important in social setting? |
-complex foraging behavior -social interactions, alliances, large groups -brain v brawn |
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Factors associated with larger brains in primate species |
higher quality diet -animal protein -starchy plants USO -cooking |
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Times: brain expansion |
2.5 mya - homo erectus 300-400 kya homo heidelbergensis |
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factors contributing to brain expansion Wrangham and Aiello/Wheeler |
2.5 (Wrangham-cooking) (Aiello/wheeler-meat) 300-400 (wrangham-efficent hunting/fat/cooking) (A/W-cooking) |
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Time: USO as important part of hominin diet |
Under ground storage organ 1.8 mya development of homo erectus, rapid growth of brain size in the MiddlePleistocene would have required it. |
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examples of SDL specific groups |
"desert people" -males tool making, shelter builder -females collecting grasses, grinding seed into flour, cooking, collecting fire wood "agta" -females hunt "Aka" -females net/club hunt, small medium game |
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explanations for SDL others |
–Physiology/psychology –Desireto maximize fitness –Constraintsof child care –Malefitness – mate competition –Presenceof male taboos/restrictions –Womenexcluded by restrictions on technology –Lackof cultural precedent to allow women to learn to hunt |
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conditions for female hunting |
•Small/mediumgame are plentiful •Huntingprovides greater payoff than gathering•Technologyis not gender restricted•Cooperativehunting is possible •Sharedchild care is available |
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what prevents females from hunting |
•Malecontrol ideologies and level of patriarchy •Culturehistory and precedents for female hunting •Socialand natural environments •Differentialmaleand female reproductive strategies |
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evidence that neanderthals did not have SDL |
-little evidence for non large game hunting -little evidence for subsistence activities, hide working -high levels of injury male and female -females hunting |
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Time: SDL |
100 -43 kya |
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Factors for SDL appearance |
provisioning households-cooperative -pair bonding -more efficient higher quality offspring show-off cooking |
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evidence used to prove SDL |
small game/plant abundance clothing manufacture |
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wrangham explanation for SDL |
Males protected female food, females cooked for males |
