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29 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Erythropoietin
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Pharm effect: stimulation of RBCs
MOA: stimulated by decreased oxygen levels in the blood, released by kidney, stimulates red bone marrow, causes enhanced erythropoiesis, more blood cells, increased oxygen carrying ability of blood. |
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Filgrastim
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Effect: Stimulation of neutrophils
Colony-stimulating factor Glycoprotein Binds to specific cell surface receptors of hematopoietic cells Stimulates proliferation and differentiation Increase in circulating neutrophil counts |
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Oprelvekin
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Effect: stimulation of platelets
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) Produced by bone marrow stromal cells Increases platelet nadirs and accelerates platelet recoveries |
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Kepivance
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Effect: keratinocyte growth factor
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Zofran
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Class: Antiemetic
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Allopurinol
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Indications: Gout
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5-fluorouricil
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Mechanism: Binds to and inhibits thymidylate synthetase, inhibiting formation of thymidylic acid and DNA synthesis. 5-fluorouridine triphosphate is incorporated into RNA interfering with its function.
Uses: Gastrointestinal carcinomas, breast, ovarian, bladder and prostate cancers Adverse effects depend on method of administration. Continuous infusion: mucositis iv bolus: bone marrow suppression |
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Tamoxifen
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Indications: Used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer
MOA: Antagonist in breast tissue Partial agonist in the endometrium and bone Stimulates endometrial growth Four – six fold increase in the incidence of endometrial cancer Administered for no more than 5 years Contraindicated if the patient has a history of DVTs |
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Imatinib (Gleevec)
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One of the first rationally designed cancer treatments
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor All cancers that are treated by Gleevec have the tyrosine kinase locked in the active form Tyrosine kinase is responsible for cell differentiation and cell division Lifelong Treatment for CML and 10 other cancers |
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Cetuximab (Erbitux)
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MOA: EGFR is detected in many human cancers including those of the head and neck.
This drug binds specifically to the EGFR on both normal and tumor cells, and competitively inhibits the binding of EGF Binding of cetuximab to the EGFR blocks phosphorylation and activation of receptor-associated kinases, Inhibition of cell growth |
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Bisphosphonates
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To prevent cancer spread to bone
Malignancy cannot resorb bone no matter how many osteoclast activating factors it secrets Jaws have a greater blood supply than other bones More remodeling goes on in the jaws Bisphosphonates are highly concentrated in the jaws |
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Omeprazole (Prilosec)
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Indications: GERD, PUD
MOA: Bind covalently to the NaK-ATPase ("proton pump") Inhibits diazepam metabolism P450 interaction Long half life - new pumps have to be synthesized |
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Ranitidine (Zantac)
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Indications: GERD
MOA: Competitive inhibitor of histamine 2 receptor Blocks gastric acid secretion |
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Sucralfate (Carafate)
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Indications: GERD, PUD
MOA: Aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose In acid; forms a viscous suspension that binds at the ulcer site Gastro-protective; maintains mucosal vascular integrity and blood flow Not absorbed from GI tract; very safe Adverse: Absorption differences in drugs; Increased - Midazolam, ASA Decreased - Ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole |
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Alginic Acid (Alka-Seltzer)
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Indication: GERD
In the presence of saliva; alginic acid reacts with sodium bicarb to form sodium alginate, Gastric pH causes the alginate to precipitate viscous gel; floats on the surface of the gastric contents Neutral pH barrier between the stomach and the esophagus |
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Metoclopramide (Reglan)
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Class: Dopamine receptor antagonist
Motility promoting drug Indications: GERD, antiemetic (chemotherapy, pregnancy, post operative nausea and vomiting) Mechanism: Central dopamine receptor antagonist; Contraction of gastric muscle, relaxation of pyloric and duodenal segments, increase peristalsis Adverse Effects: dry mouth, nausea, Parkinson side effects |
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*Misoprostol (Cytotec)
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Class: Prostaglandin analog
Indications: Previous history of PUD On anticoagulant therapy Age greater than 60 Poor surgical risk if complications should arise MOA: Prostaglandin analog, Agonist at PGE2 and PGI2 receptors Specifically indicated for co-administration with NSAIDs Only moderately effective in treating gastric and duodenal ulcers |
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Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
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Class: Dopamine receptor antagonist
Indications: Chemotherapy, radiation Pregnancy Post operative nausea and vomiting MOA: Inhibit stimulation of the CTZ Adverse: Parkinson side effects at high doses |
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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Class: antihistamine
Popular in dentistry due to combined sedative and antiemetic effects Adverse: Antimuscarinic effects |
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Promethazine (Phenergan)
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Class: antihistamine
Popular in dentistry due to combined sedative and antiemetic effects Adverse: Antimuscarinic effects |
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Odanestron (Zofran)
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Class: 5-HT3 Antagonist
Indications: Chemotherapy, Opiate induced nausea and vomiting MOA: Antagonize; Receptors in the CTZ, GI afferent fibers, Cerebral cortex, Autonomic neurons in periphery Adverse: Safe, highly effective with few side effects No extrapyrimidal effects Oral and IV form Drug of choice for severe post-op nausea and vomiting Veteran cancer pts tell rookie cancer pts about zofran |
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Milk of Magnesia
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Class: Antacid, osmotic laxitive
Weak bases Buffer or neutralize gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl) Decreases pepsin activity increases prostaglandin production Magnesium: poorly absorbed from GI tract Osmotically increase water content of feces and intestinal lumen |
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Metamucil
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Class: Laxitive
Methocellulose: absorbs water and expands Increased pressure stimulates reflex peristalsis Increased water softens stool Bulk laxative |
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Docusate (Colace)
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Class: Laxitive
Detergent: anionic surfactant Lower the surface tension and allowing intestinal fluids to penetrate the fecal mass (fecal softener) Used in elderly because of few side effects Also prescribed post-MI |
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Senna
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Stimulant Laxative
Increase mucosal permeability, resulting in movement of fluid across the intestinal lumen Effect obtained in 6-8 hrs Adverse Effects: diarrhea, dependence |
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Attapulgite (Kaopectate)
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Class: anti-diarrheal agent
MOA: Hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate Crystalline structure Absorbs 8 times of its weight in water |
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Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
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Class: Opiate anti-diarrheal
Indications: Diarrhea, Can cause constipation Ask about GI symptoms before prescribing Adverse: Drowsiness, dry mouth, gingival swelling Overdose symptoms similar to opiates: respiratory depression, unconsciousness Schedule 5 |
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Loperamide (Imodium D)
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Class: Opiate anti-diarrheal
Indications: Diarrhea, Can cause constipation Ask about GI symptoms before prescribing Effects: Alters motor function in the intestine - delays the passage of fluid Doesn't penetrate the BBB Adverse: Less adverse effects than Diphenoxylate |
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Bentyl (dicyclomine)
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Anti-spasmatic
Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands and the CNS Indicated for irritable bowel syndrome |
