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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are nervous system organs responsible for?
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perception, integration and coordination of the human body
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What function of the nervous system is described:
" recognizes both internal and external stimuli?" |
perception
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What function of the nervous system is described:
"brain's ability to sort out and respond to multiple stimuli?" |
integration
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What function of the nervous system is described:
" sequence in proper order in human body's activities?" |
coordination
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What are the anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
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Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
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What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
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somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
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What are the divisions of the somatic nervous system
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trick question; no divisions
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What are the divisions of the central nervous system?
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trick question; no divisions
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What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
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sympathethic and parasympathethic
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What nervous system is best described:
" composed of the brain and spinal chord?" |
CNS
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What nervous system is best described:
" all neurons and glial cells that are not part of the brain and spinal chord?" |
peripheral nervous system
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What nervous system is best described:
" those neurons that lead to skeletal muscles over which we process conscious control ?" |
somatic nervous system
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What nervous system is best described:
" neurons in the body for which we don't have conscious control, subconsciously occurs? " |
autonomic nervous system
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What nervous system is best described:
" action of internal organs and glands?" |
autonomic nervous system
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What nervous system is best described:
" fight or flight " |
sympathethic nervous system
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What nervous system is best described:
" when stimulated the unconscious part of the brain stimulates the target to do something?" |
sympathethic nervous system
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What nervous system is best described:
" rest and relax/ rest and digest? " |
parasympathethic nervous system
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What nervous system is best described:
" neurons that cause relaxation?" |
parasympathethic nervous system
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What are the main cell types of the nervous system?
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neurons and neuroglial
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What is best described:
" name for cells that are responsible for carrying information from point a to point b " |
conducting neurons
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What cell type is described:
" protects the nervous system. does NOT carry information. " |
neuroglial cells
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There are 10x more ________ than neurons.
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glial
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Most glial cells are in constant _______ mode.
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mitotic
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What is the function of neuroglial cells?
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- to support the nervous system by grouping neurons together
- nourish the conducting neurons |
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What are the types of neuroglial cells?
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astrocytes
oligodendroglia microglial cells ependymal cells schwann cells cells of langerhans |
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What is described:
" very large star shaped cells with many tentacles " |
astrocytes
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What glial cell is described:
" function is to keep neurons attached to blood vessels." |
astrocytes
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How do astrocytes work?
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keep neurons attached to blood vessels by wrapping tentacles around both
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What is described:
" small star shaped cells with few processes " |
oligodendroglia
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What is the difference between astrocytes and oligodendroglia?
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same function. Astrocytes are structurally bigger.
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What glial cell is described:
" small highly phagocytotic cell" |
microglial cells
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What is the function of a microglial cell?
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to protect the nervous system from anything that shouldn't be there via phagocytosis
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What glial cell is described:
" ciliated long cells " |
ependymal cells
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What glial cell is described:
" line the cavities of the brain " |
ependymal cells
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What glial cell is described:
" functions to produce cerebral spinal fluid " |
ependymal cells
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Where would you find schwann cells?
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wrapped 2.5 times around the axons of selected neurons
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What do shwann cells do?
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function to speed up action potential
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What is myelin?
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a bunch of schwann cells together
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What causes white areas of the brain and nervous system?
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schwann cells
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What glial cell is described:
" patrol the skin and protect nerve receptors in epidermis " |
cells of langerhans
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How are conducting neurons classified?
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based on their anatomy
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What conducting neuron is described:
" has a single process in which one end acts as the dendrite and the other end acts as the axon" |
unipolar neuron
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What conducting neuron is described:
" has a single axon and a single dendrite seperated from each other by the soma " |
bipolar neuron
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What conducting neuron is described:
" many dendrites, one axon" |
multipolar neuron
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What is a nissl body?
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reapir enzyme, functions to repair neuron
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What is a neurosome?
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neuron mitochondira
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What is neuroplasm?
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neuron cytoplasm
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What is neurolemma?
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neuron plasma membrane
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What is ephatic conduction?
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conduction without a neurotransmitter/hormone/chemical mediator
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Describe the flow for ephatic conduction
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receptor to brachium to dendrite to soma to axon to telodendrite
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What is an electrical current?
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movement of electrical charge partical from one place to another
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What is electrical potential?
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the force of attraction or repulsion between two separated electrical charges
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What is a polar situation?
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exists when two electrical charges are separated from each other
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What is a non-polar situation?
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exists when positive and negative particles are in contact with each other
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what is an excitable membrane?
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one where electrical charges are seperated
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What is a resting excitable membrane?
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one that is NOT conducting an action potential
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What is a polar situation?
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when charges are separated from each other
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What is the law of mass action?
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mass of large particles will move away from each other
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conduction velocities are generally as fast as sound. True or false?
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false. Conduction velocities are slow.
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When neurons are classified based on conduction velocities, what are the different classifications?
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class a, class b, class c
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Relate speed and width of a neuron.
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wider = faster
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What are the fastest neurons?
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class a fibers
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What are hte slowest neurons?
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class c fibers
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Class a fibers are associated with _________ nervous system.
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the somatic
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True or false: class a fibers are myelinated.
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true
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True or false: class b fibers are myelinated.
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false
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Class ____ fibers are normally associated with motor neurons.
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B
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Class ______ fibers are normally associated with sensory neurons.
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C
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The slowest fibers are class _____.
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C
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What is synaptic transmission?
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the connection between two neurons or connection between neuron and a muscle
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The post synaptic neuron must always be what?
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a dendrite
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What is conduction velocity?
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speed at which synaptic transmission occurs.
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What is synaptic resistance?
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any obstacles to conduction velocity located in the synaptic fluid
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When the plasma pH drops below 7.3, that is known as _________.
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acidosis
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How can you get acidosis?
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bacterial infection/flu
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What happens to synaptic resistance during acidosis?
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increases
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What is alkalosis?
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When the plasma pH rises above 7.4
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What causes alkalosis?
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burning the body fat too quickly
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What drug is destroyed with Ig?
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strychnine
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Strychnine does what to resistance and conduction velocity?
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decreases resistance, raises conduction velocity
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Tubo-curare acts on what?
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motor neurons
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Tubo-curare does what to resistance and conduction velocity?
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raises resistance, dereases conduction velocity
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Neostigmine does what to resistance and conduction velocitiy?
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lowers resistane, increases conduction velocity
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Physostigmine does what to resistance and conduction velocity?
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lowers resistance, increases conduction velocity
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What is another name for disopropyl fluorophosphate?
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nerve gas
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What drug can cause convulsions?
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disopropyl flurophosphate
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What does disopropyl flurophosphate do to resistance and conduction velocity?
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dips resistance to almost zero, increases conduction velocity
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What is another name for vallium?
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diazamine
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What does diazamine do to resistance and conduction velocity?
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increases resistance, decreases conduction velocity
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What does a neural transmitter do to resistance and conduction velocity?
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decreases resistance and increases conduction velocity
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What is best described:
" 3 layered tissue that covers the entire nervous system " |
menenges
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What is the function of the menenges?
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protects from chemical shock, makes cerebral spinal fluid, stores cebreal spinal fluid
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What are the three layers of the meninges from outside in?
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dura matar, arachnoid matar, pia matar
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What layer of the menenges is described:
" hard mattar " |
dura mattar
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What layer of the menenges is described:
" softest layer " |
pia mattar
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What tissue characterizes pia matar?
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areolar: cottony
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What tissue characterizes arachnoid mattar?
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areolar: cottony
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What tissue characterizes dura mattar?
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collagen and WFCT
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The longitudinal sulcus separates what?
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right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum
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Latin term for longitudinal sulcus is what?
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falx cerebri
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The saggital suclus seperates what?
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Right and left hemispheres of the CEREBELLUM
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The transverse sulcus separates what?
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cerebri and cerebellum
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What is the bottommost coating of the meninges?
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diaphragma sellae
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What is the latin term for the saggital sulcus?
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falx cerebelli
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What is the latin term for the transverse sulcus?
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tentoleium cerebelli
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What is the largest part of the brain?
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cerebrum
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What makes up the diencephalon?
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thalamus and hypothalamus
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What is another name for midbrain?
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mesencephalon
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What makes up the brain stem?
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pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongota
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What is the most important function of the cerebrum?
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initiates motor activity
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What word is most associated with cerebrum?
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CONSCIOUS
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The ________ connects the two hemispheres.
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corpus collosum
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The ________ is the bridge between the conscious cerebrum and the rest of the unconscious brain.
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thalamus
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All impulses that reach the cerebrum must go through the _________.
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thalamus
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The _________ sends the impulse to the proper gyrus of the cerebrum or dismisses the information.
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thalamus
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What part of the brain is most responsible for conscious activity?
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cerebrum
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What part of the brain is responsible for differentiating pain and pleasure/
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thalamus
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What part of the brain is responsible for the highest level of motor/sensory integration?
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cerebrum
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What part of the brain is the seat of potential biological intelligence?
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cerebrum
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What part of the brain is the seat of ambition?
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cerebrum
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What part of the brain is responsible for temperature interpretation?
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cerebrum
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True or false: The cerebrum is partially responsible for the sleep/wake cycle.
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true
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What part of the brain is the seat of academic memory?
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cerebrum
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What part of the brain is responsible for awareness of dangerous incoming signals (learning capability)
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thalamus
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What part of the brain is responsible for associating external sensory stimulations with degrees of emotional feelings?
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thalamus
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What part of the brain is the floor of the diencephalon?
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hypothalamus
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What part of the brain regulates the activity of the autonomic nervous system?
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hypothalamus
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True or false: the thalamus is involved in the onset of labor/ovulation cycle.
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false
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True or false: the hypothalamus is involved in the onset of labor/ovulation cycle.
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true
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True or false: the hypothalamus regulates growth of the skeleton.
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true
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The mesencephalon is also known as the what?
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midbrain
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What part of the brain is a relay station that advances signals from the lower to appropriate divisions of higher parts of the brain?
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mesencephalon (and pons)
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What part of the brain is most responsible for regulating the rhythm of respiration?
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pons
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True or false: the pons is partially responsible for the sleep/wake cycle
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true
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The pons cooperates with the ______.
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thalamus
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True or false: the thalamus regulates activity of gastrointestinal tract
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false
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True or false: the hypothalamus regulates activity of gastrointestinal tract
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true
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True or false: pons regulates the activity of the gastrointestinal tract
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true
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What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum structurally?
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saggital suture
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What is the main function of the cerebellum?
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to maintain and coordinate timing of the muscle contraction
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What is the main function of the pons?
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regulate rhythm of respiration
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What part of the brain is most responsible for maintaing body posture?
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cerebellum
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What is the second largest part of hte brain?
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cerebellum
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What part of the brain functions to connect the brain and spinal chord?
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medulla oblongota
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What are the compartments of the medulla oblongota?
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vital and non-vital center
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What compartment of the medulla oblongota is responsible for regulating body activity that keeps you alive?
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vital center
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What compartment of the medulla oblongota is responsible for regulating body activity like coughing, sneezing, primary sexual response?
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nonvital center
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