Gi_Embryo_I&ii

Front 1

What are derivative organs of foregut in adult? (6)

Back 1

Esophagus
Stomach
UPPER Duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Front 2

What artery supplies the foregut?

Back 2

celiac artery
-br of abdominal aorta

Front 3

What forms the Ventral mesentery of foregut

Back 3

Septum Transversum
-mesoderm
--contributes to Diaphragm

Front 4

What are derivative organs of Midgut in adult? (6)

Back 4

Lower Duodenum
Jejunum
Cecum & Appendix
Ascending Colon
Prox 2/3 of Transverse Colon

Front 5

What artery supplies the Midgut

Back 5

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Front 6

What does the U-shaped loop of Midgut do at 6 weeks

Back 6

Herniates into the Umbilicus
-by week 11, it has rotated 270 about Sup. Mes. Artery and returned to abdomen

Front 7

Vitelline fistula is?

Back 7

conn from intestinal lumen to external environment via umbilicus
--More common is just as a blink pouch; Ileal or Meckels'

Front 8

What are derivative organs of Hindgut in adult? (5)

Back 8

Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus

Front 9

What artery supplies the Hindgut?

Back 9

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Front 10

Aganglionic Megacolon is aka?
Cause?

Back 10

Hirschprung's Dz
-Failure of NC cells to migrate to Myenteric Plexus of Sigmoid Colon & Rectum = no innervation or NO to relax sm. mm. = contraxn/ no peristalsis

Front 11

2 layered fold of peritoneum is what?

Back 11

Mesentery
--outgrowth almost all from dorsal

Front 12

What is responsible for changing the size of the 2 original peritoneal cavities?

Back 12

Rotation of Gut Tube

Front 13

What happens to portions of Mid and Hind gut that return from umbilical herniation and are then in contact with wall of cavity?

Back 13

Loose their mesentery
--It fuses with the peritoneum lining
--These portions no longer suspended in Ab Cav = Secondarily Retroperitoneal

Front 14

In devo, what are directly dorsal and ventral to Gut tube that later joind

Back 14

Dorsal and Ventral Pancreas

Front 15

What are the epithelial lining of glands from?

Back 15

From ENDOderm of Gut Tube

Front 16

What are outer/non-epithelial layers of gut tube derived from
(muscularis mucosa, submucosa, ME, adventitia)

Back 16

Splanchnic Mesoderm
(makes sense--splanchnic = visceral

Front 17

Before there is Recanalization of gut tube, what happens

Back 17

epithelial lining grows rapidly and Obliterates the lumen

Front 18

What separates gut tube from budding respiratory system?
Malformed=?

Back 18

Tracheoesophageal septum

=Esophageal atreasia is most common, in combo with Tracheoesoph fistulat + Polyhydramnios
--Stenosis if just incomplete recan

Front 19

Which part of stomach dilates/grows faster creating the greater curvature?

Back 19

The dorsal part

Front 20

Clockwise 90* turn of stomach forms what?

Back 20

The lesser sac

Front 21

Dz assc. w/ non-bilous projectile vomiting

Back 21

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
-overgrowth of mm. of sphicter

Front 22

With what does liver form?

Back 22

Hepatic Diverticulum
--outgrowth of endoderm of gut tube

Front 23

Hepatic Div. from endo of gut tube grows into what?

Back 23

Into the Mesoderm of Septum Transversum

Front 24

How are hepatic sinusoids formed?

Back 24

Hepatic cords of cells coalesce around the EXTRAEmbryonic Veins (from vitelline & umbilical system)

Front 25

What is ventral mesentery?

Back 25

Conn the gut tube to the anterior ab wall. Liver grows tremendously into it and divides it in 2

Front 26

What are 2 divisions of ventral mesentery due to Liver

Back 26

Falciform Ligament--runs from liver to anterior abdomen
Lesser Omentum--runs from liver to stomach

Front 27

What runs on free edge of falciform Lig>

Back 27

Left Umbilical Vein
-from umbilicus to the liver
used Ductus Venosus to get by passed liver to IVC

Front 28

What becomes of conn btw Liver and Foregut

Back 28

Bile Duct

Front 29

What 2 things are outgrowths of Bile Duct

Back 29

Gallbladdar
Cystic Duct
--thus they are derives of conn. btw Liver and Foregut

Front 30

Jaundice,
White, clay colored stool +
Dark Urine =

Back 30

Extrahepatic Bililary Atresia
--incomplete recan/occlusion of bile duct

Front 31

What is Uncinate process?

Back 31

Part of Ventral Pancreatic Bud
--part of head of pancreas comes form ventral bud too.
---Rest of Head, Body & Tail come from dorsal bud

Front 32

Presents with Duodenal Obstruction, but from pancreatic malformation?

Back 32

Annular Pancreas
-Ventral & Dorsal Buds form ring around duodenum

Front 33

Midgut Loop fails to recede from umbilicus =?

Back 33

Omphalocele
--note: just the LOOP, not all of Gut Tube
--should have Pale, Shiney Sac

Front 34

Cloaca is what?

Back 34

In hindgut, an ENDODerm lined pouch
-Partitioned by Urorectal Septa, of which the ant. portion becomes the bladdar, posterior becomes rectum and upper anal canal
----another lecture---

Front 35

Gastrochisis is what?

Back 35

Failure of ventral wall to close during folding, hernia of GI is NOT covered by skin or membrane

Front 36

Gut tube returns to body cavity, but Ventral Ab mm. do NOT fuse. Defect IS covered by skin

Back 36

Congenital Umbilical Hernia

Front 37

Remnant of Vitelline duct conn ileum to anterior ab wall. can be asymptomatic?

Back 37

Ileal or Meckel's Diverticulum
--can have gastric, pancreatic or endometrial tissue w/in

Front 38

What is Malrotation of Midgut

Back 38

Midgut undergoes partial rotation, results in abnormal position of Abdominal Viscera.
--Assc with twisting of intestin = Volvulus

Front 39

Improper formation of Urorectal septum incurs what?

Back 39

Anorectal (blind sac) or Anal Agenesis
-can result in : Rectovesical, rectourethral or Rectovaginal Fistulas
----separate lec----

Front 40

All but what GI malformations announce soon after birth?

Back 40

Meckels or ileal diverticulum

Front 41

Name the 4 mjr Malformations of Foregut?

Back 41

Esophageal Stenosis/Atresia
Pyloric Stenosis
Extrahepatic biliary atresia
Annular Pancreas

Front 42

Name the 6 mjr Malformations of Midgut?

Back 42

Omphalocele
Gastyroschisis
Congenital Umbilical Hernia
Ileal/Meckel's
Malrotation of Midgut
Intestinal Atresia/Stenosis

Front 43

Name the 2 mjr Malformations of Hindgut?

Back 43

Hirschprung's Dz (congenital or aganglionic megacolon)
Anorectal/ Anal Agenesis

Front 44

In hindgut, if improper fom of Urorectal Septum occurs belwo the Puborectal Sling. What is result? Anorectal or Anal Agensis?

Back 44

Anal Agenesis

Front 45

What genes responsible for patterning of GI sys

Back 45

Homeobox
--occurs during lateral folding where 2 sides of gut tube fuse

Front 46

Name four genes that have specific fxn in GI devo---just the names

Back 46

SOX2
PDX1
CDXC
CDXA

Front 47

What is mesenchyme made of

Back 47

Splanchnic Mesoderm

Front 48

What are 4 keys points/steps in GI devo in add to Recanalization

Back 48

-Coninuous Elongation
-Herniation past the body wall-->umbilicus
-Rotation & Folding for efficient packing
-Histiogenesis & further maturation of epithelial lining

Front 49

Note on mesentery?

Back 49

Everything from GI tube below Diaphragm starts with Mesentery, but loses it later

Front 50

What is special about spleen?
What section does it follow w/ artery

Back 50

Spleen: devos indep of Gut tube, but for vessels and nerves, follows rules for Gut TUbe in Foregut
=Celiac Artery

Front 51

ANS Segmental: Sympathetic Stimulation.
What Level of Foregut are PREGanglionic Cell Bodies?

Back 51

T5-T9
=forgut pregangs for Symp

Front 52

ANS Segmental: Sympathetic Stimulation.
What Splanchnic N. is for
Foregut?
Midgut?
Hindgut?

Back 52

Greater SPlanchnic Nerve
Lesser Splanchnic Nerve
LEast Splanchnic Nerve

Front 53

What is PreAortic Ganglion?

Back 53

AKA: Prevertebral ganglia are sympathetic ganglia which lie between the sympathetic chain and the organ of supply.

Front 54

Regarding ANS Segmental: Sympathetic Stimulation.
What is rule for the PREAORTIC Ganglion in all 3 segments of GI Tube

Back 54

They are named the same as the Artery that Supplies that section of gut

Front 55

Regarding ANS Segmental: Sympathetic Stimulation.
What is rule for what Postganglionic Axons follow

Back 55

They follow the Artery that Supplies that section of Gut

Front 56

NOW moving onto Parasymps
(Symp = SShortLong, Para= PLongShort

Back 56

So any Nerve seen that is Parasymp is Preganglionic because the begin and end of Postganglionic Para N is ON the organ itselft

Front 57

With Parasymp of Gut Tube, which sections share same supply?

Back 57

Foregut and Midgut

Front 58

ANS: Parasympathetics:
Preganglionic cell bodies for Fore and Midgut are where?
For the Hindgut?

Back 58

For/Midgut: Para Pregangs in Brainstem

Hindgut: Para in S2- S4

Front 59

What is Name of Preganglionic Parasympathetic Nerve for Fore/Midgut
(ie, the (LONG)Nerve that origs in brainstem, and goes near target orgen ganglia (where short nerve is)

Back 59

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Front 60

What is Name of Preganglionic Parasympathetic Nerve for Hindgut
(ie, the (LONG)Nerve that origs in brainstem, and goes near target orgen ganglia (where short nerve is)

Back 60

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve
(aka Pelvic Visceral Nerve)

Front 61

ANS: Parasymp Innervation
Where are the ganglia after the Long nerve in Gut (either Vagus or Pelvic Splanchnic)

Back 61

On organ walls
--in Para--PLS--this is where the S or short nerve is

Front 62

Term for outflow of urine into umbilicus in baby?

Back 62

Urachus Fistula

Front 63

What Does Allantois become

Back 63

Urachus, then the
Median Umbilical Ligament

Front 64

Often caused by vascular abnorms or compromised blood flow, where does an Esophageal Stenosis usually occur

Back 64

In lower 1/3 of Esoph

Front 65

If long gap esophagus atresia, what is possible replacement

Back 65

Colon Interpostion
--bit of colon added btw esoph and stomach

-Or-Gastric Tube Esophagoplasty--segment of stomach taken and swung up to esoph
--Or--Gastric Transpostion--free stomach and move it upward into chest to meet esoph

Front 66

aka for hernia of esophagus through constictor mm. posterior in esoph?

Back 66

Zenkers Diverticulum

Front 67

What are implications for Nerves with stomach rotation (dorsum to left and ventral to medial)

Back 67

Left Vagus N moves to anterior
Right Vagus N moves posterior
(each forming a vagal trunk)

Front 68

Tubular Str w/ an internal lining of gastrointestinal epithelium, sm. mm, + adherence to some portion of GI tract

Back 68

Duplication Cysts
rare

Front 69

Umbilical V becomes what?

Back 69

Ligamentum Teres Hepatis
--continuous on edge with Falciform---thus the Hepatis
--umb V. used to go through liver, but bypass it with ductus venosus

Front 70

Given that Ligamentum Teres Hepatis is remnant of Umbilical Vein to liver en route to the Ductus Venosus bypass. What is the derivative of Ductus Venosus

Back 70

Ligamentum Venosum

Front 71

What are PDX1, PAX4, PAX6 molecular regulators for?

Back 71

Pancreatic Devo
--
Consider PAX4 as possible Tx for insulin secritng cells (6 does glucagon)

Front 72

As Gut Atresias and Stenoses can occur anywhere along intestinal tract, what is likely cause of Upper Duodenal ones?
Of more Caudal Ones?

Back 72

Upper Duod: recan problems
Caudal: Vascular Compromise

Front 73

Atresia in proximal jejunum, 10% all atresias
-defect is coiled around

Back 73

Apple Peel Atresia

Front 74

What usually presents within first week as duodenal obstruction with bilious vomiting

Back 74

Malrotation
--prob can cause obstruction/ Volvulus

Front 75

What presents with sudden onset of after several days post birth with green emesis

Back 75

Bilious emosis from malrotation

Front 76

Deficient anterior muscular wall + urinary tract anomalies and undescended testes =

Back 76

Prune Belly Syndrome
--cyrptochordism = unde testes

Front 77

Which GI content herniation in newborn is linked to cocaine in young mothers

Back 77

Gastroschisis
-failure of anterior ab wall mm. to close durin gfolding

Front 78

What is rule of 2s for meckel's

Back 78

2% prevalence
2:1 female (??)
2 feet proximal to ileocecal valve
2 yrs or less = 1/2 those affected/symptomatic

Front 79

Name of ONLY Tx for Hirschprungs?

Back 79

Surgery:
Pull through

Front 80

In Cloaca division: the Urorectal Septum divides to form what

Back 80

Urogenital Sinus
Rectum
(keep Rathke Fold and Tourneux Fold in mind)

Front 81

Failure of Folds to develop in partitioning of cloaca yeilds

Back 81

Rectourethral Fistulas:
Males=Rectoprostatic
Femailes: Rectocloacal Canal OR Rectovaginal Fistula

Front 82

Note:

Back 82

Rathke fold is closure to urinary area, Tournexu is closer to bladder and end of rectuc/cecum (more internal/deep)

Front 83

Low Anorectal Malformation

Back 83

Anal canal ends as blind sac below pelvic diaphragm (anal agenesis)

Front 84

High Anorectal Malform

Back 84

Rectum ends as Blind pouch AOVe Pelvic Diaphragm (anorectal agenesis)