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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cirrhosis?
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An irreversible (in most cases) state of chronic liver injury.
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What are three characteristics of cirrhosis?
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1. Fibrous SEPTAE linking portal tracts with each other.
2. Parenchymal NODULES with proliferating hepatocytes encircled by fibrosis. 3. Disruption of the architecture of the entire liver. |
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What are the two biggest causes of cirrhosis?
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1. Alcoholism
2. Viral hepatitis |
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What are two other causes of cirrhosis?
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1. Biliary disease (primary biliary cirrhosis)
2. Iron overload (hemochromatosis) |
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What is contained in the portal triad/tract?
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1. Hepatic portal vein
2. Hepatic artery 3. Bile duct (4. Lymph duct) |
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What is the blood flow into and out of the liver?
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Venous blood from digestive tube/spleen/pancreas/gallbladder drains into the liver by the portal vein (IN the portal triad), gets filtered through hepatocytes, then OUT the central vein to the inferior vena cava.
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Portal hypertension can develop from which 3 circumstances?
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1. prehepatic
2. intrahepatic 3. posthepatic |
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What is the dominant intrahepatic cause of portal hypertension?
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Cirrhosis
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What are the two locations where portal flow is most hindered in cirrhosis?
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1. Sinusoids
2. Terminal hepatic veins (from scarring and nodules) |
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How do anastomoses contribute to portal hypertension?
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Anastomoses between arterial and portal systems impose arterial pressure on the hepatic venous system.
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What are four major consequences of portal hypertension?
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1. ascites
2. formation of portosystemic venous shunts 3. congestive splenomegaly 4. hepatic encephalophathy |
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What are two congenital causes of cirrhosis (rare)?
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1. Wilson's disease
2. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency |
