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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 layers of GI mucosa
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epithelium with basal lamina
lamina propria muscularis mucosa |
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Mucosal epithelium is from what origin?
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Endoderm
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Lamina Propria is what?
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loose CT
Contains BV and lymphatics nerves glands |
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muscularis mucosa is what?
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two layers of smooth muscle
thin circular inner thicker outer longitudinal |
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what does the muscularis mucosa seperate?
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mucosa from submucosa
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Submucosa is formed of what?
Contains what? |
dense irregular CT
BV's Lymphatics Meissners plexus glands and lymphoid tissue in some regions |
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where is the submucosa nerve plexus derived?
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the Meissner's plexus is Neural crest derived
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What part of the nervous system is the submucosal plexus?
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it is part of the enteric nervous system
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General organization of the GI tract?
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1. Mucosa (mucosal membrane)
2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 4. Serosa (or adventitia) |
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What is the makeup of the muscularis externa?
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Two layers of smooth muscle
inner circular outter longitudinal |
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What lays inbetween the two SM layers of Muscularis Externa?
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Auerbach's plexus
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what is the Auerbach's plexus derived from?
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from neural crest cells
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what type of neurons are in the enteric nervous system
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postganglionic parasympathetic
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location of cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic nerves for enteric NS
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?
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Enteric NS is responsible for?
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innervation of SM layers of alimentary canal
functions independently of CNS |
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location of serosa vs. adventitia
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serosa lines digestive tract that is not fixed to the cavity wall
adventitia is found in these locations |
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location of serosa?
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duodenum, ascending/descending colon, rectum, anal canal
and Thoracic portion of esophagus |
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Gastric glands characterization
fundus and body |
short pits
long glands |
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Gastric glands characterization
pyloric region |
long pits
short glands |
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location of gastric glands
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Lamina Propria
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what increases SA in Sm. intestine?
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Plicae circularis - valves of keirkring - submucosa core
Villi - core of LP Microvilli - core microfilaments - actin core |
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Immune function of GI
what cells cover pyers patches? what do they do? |
GALT - has a monitoring function
gastro a lymphoid tissue |
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What do plasma cells in LP secrete?
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IgA - binds to secretory component in enterocytes and is transported to lumen
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Location of Brunner's glands
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Submucosa of duodenum (outside of muscularis mucosa)
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where is the first place you see goblet cells?
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Duodenum
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what products do enteroendocrine cells secrete and where?
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Location: Duodenum
CCK - cholecystokinin GIP - gastric inhibitory protein Secretin |
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what does CCK do?
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stimulate gall bladder contraction
pancreatic enzyme secretion pancreatic bicarb secretion inhibit gastric emptying |
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what does GIB do?
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shuts down acid prodx in stomach
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what does secretin do?
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stimulate pancreatic secretion
inhibit gastric acid |
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what cell first appears at the Gastroduodenal junction?
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Goblet cells
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what else occurs at the Gastroduodenal junction?
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thickening of the ME
glands in submucosa - brunner's glands |
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what is an epiploic appendage?
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Tab of fat
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jejunum characteristics
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fingerlike villi
increase in goblet cells |
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Ileum characteristics
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clublike villi
Pyer's patches - in LP increase in goblet cells |
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Large intestine
Function Characteristics |
Absorb H2O
compact feces No villi No paneth cells some enteroendocrine cell Many Goblet cells - lubrication Teniae coli -Longitudinal SM Muscularis externa Haustra coli - sacculations in ME Semilunar folds - within Lg. Int |
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is there tenia coli on appendix?
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No
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appendix is what type of organ
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lymphoid
has secondary lymphoid nodules mucosa is similar to colon - crypts of lieberkun |
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internal sphincter of rectum and anal canal is made of what, and in what location?
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Smooth muscle (SM)
located in muscularis externa |
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What tightens the internal anal sphincter?
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under sympathetic control
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what relaxes int. anal sphincter?
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parasympathetics
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External anal sphincter is what type of muscle?
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skeletal
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innervation of external anal sphincter?
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inf. rectal n.
br. of pudendal n. (S2-4 |
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Transition of anorectal junction is from ______ to ________ and then at the orifice ___________
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Simple columnar
SSE non keratinized SSE keratinized |
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what are microfold cells?
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part of GALT
M (microfold) cells: phagocytose micro-org. and macromolecules from lumen present antigen to CD4+ T lymphocytes in LP |
