Gi Tract

Front 1

any infection caused by a species of Candida, usually C. albicans. aka a fungus normally present in mucous membranes of the mouth, intestinal tract and vagina.

Back 1

Candidiasis(aka Thrush or Moniliasis)

Front 2

suppressed immune system(AIDs, chemo & radiation), alcoholism, diabetics, corticosteroids inhalants, on certain antibiotics and commonly in the new born infant are risks of?

Back 2

Candidiasis

Front 3

What are some signs and symptoms of Candidiasis?

Back 3

appears pearly blush white "milk-curd" membranous lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue and larynx. Infants and elderly may refuse to eat.

Front 4

What are some medications for Candidiasis?

Back 4

Nystatin, amphotericin(oral suspension) buccal tablets(Dilucan) 1/3 strength hydrogen peroxide/saline mouthwash, and unsweetened ought to restore GI normal flora.

Front 5

What are some nursing interventions for Candidiasis?

Back 5

Meticulous hand washing, cleanliness of mothers nipples, assess newborns mouth, for adults; soft toothbrush, avoid hot, cold, spicy, fried and circus foods. Topical anesthetic one hour before meals.

Front 6

When assessing a patient who has a Leukoplakia and roughened area on tongue may be the signs of?

Back 6

Oral Cancer

Front 7

How long until patient must be biopsied when s/s of oral cancer persists?

Back 7

no longer than 2 weeks

Front 8

What are some s/s as oral cancer progresses?

Back 8

difficulty chewing, swallowing or speaking. Edema, numbness or loss of feeling in mouth. Earache, face ache and toothache.

Front 9

Who are at high risk for Oral Cancer?

Back 9

smokers including chewing tobacco, heavy drinkers, exposure to HPV and men more likely than women.

Front 10

What are some diagnostic tests for Oral Cancer?

Back 10

Direct and Indirect laryngoscopy, excision biopsy and cytology

Front 11

What are some nursing interventions for someone who has Oral Cancer?

Back 11

Holistic approach to patient care includes awareness of the patients level of knowledge regarding disease to decrease their anxiety and give them sense of control.

Front 12

Airway obstruction, facial edema, fistulas, skin flap necrosis, nerve damage and PEG tube if patient has difficulty swallowing are all complications to what surgery?

Back 12

Oral Cancer Surgery

Front 13

What are some important patient teaching on Oral Cancer?

Back 13

Pre and Post OP, potential speech loss and alternative nutritional intake, may have tracheostomy or drain tubes.

Front 14

What does PEG stand for and what does it do?

Back 14

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy. A procedure in which a flexiblefeeding tube is placed through the abdominal wall andinto the stomach.

Front 15

This allows nutrition, fluids and/or medications to beput directly into the stomach, bypassing the mouth and esophagus.

Back 15

PEG tube

Front 16

What are some early stages of esophageal cancer?

Back 16

Most common is progressive dysphagia over 6-months. Sensation of food sticking in throat, dysphagia starts when eating bulky foods and odynophagia(painful swallowing)

Front 17

What are some late stages of esophageal cancer?

Back 17

Pain indicating metastasis, hoarseness and regurgitation(heart burn)

Front 18

Alcohol and tobacco use, acid reflux and obesity are people who are at high risk for?

Back 18

Esophageal Cancer

Front 19

What are some diagnostic tests for esophageal cancer?

Back 19

Barium swallow, endoscopy with biopsy, esophageal ultrasound to stage cancer.

Front 20

What is the goal of palliative care for Esophageal Cancer?

Back 20

to reduce uncomfortable symptoms

Front 21

What are some nursing interventions for Esophageal Cancer?

Back 21

monitor resps, nutritional intake, explain all procedures to decrease anxiety and provide patient a sense of control.

Front 22

A patient has had a Barium Swallow. What should you educate them on?

Back 22

NPO after midnight. Stools will be light in color. To increase fluid to help expel the barium, thus preventing constipation or blockage.

Front 23

Also called cardiospasm. An abnormal condition characterized by the inability of a muscle to relax, particularly the cardiac sphincter of the stomach is called?

Back 23

Achalasia

Front 24

What can cause Achalasia?

Back 24

nerve degeneration, esophageal dilation, and hypertrophy.

Front 25

What is the primary symptom of Achalasia?

Back 25

Dysphagia

Front 26

What s/s can you find with a person who has Achalasia?

Back 26

sensation of food sticking in the lower portion of the esophagus, regurgitation of food, substernal chest pain, loss of weight, poor skin turgor and weakness.

Front 27

What foods should be advised for patients who have Achalasia?

Back 27

high-calorie, high-protein, high-fiber and natural laxatives.

Front 28

What are some nursing interventions for Achalasia?

Back 28

Sleep with head elevated, avoid bending over or stooping, and discuss medications and follow up care.

Front 29

a backward flow of stomach acid up into the esophagus?

Back 29

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Front 30

What is the primary symptom of GERD?

Back 30

HeartBurn(pyrosis), which is caused by the irritation of chronic reflux

Front 31

What is the secondary symptom of GERD?

Back 31

Regurgitation

Front 32

Dysphagia or ordynophagia, eructation(belching), nocturnal cough, wheezing and hoarseness are s/s of what disease?

Back 32

GERD

Front 33

What are some medication that are known for Antacids or H2 receptor antagonists?

Back 33

cimetidine(Tagamet), ranitidine(Zantac), famotidine(Pepcid), nizatidine(Axid) for mild symptoms

Front 34

What are some PPI(proton pump inhibitors) medications?

Back 34

omeprazole(Prilosec), esomeprazole(Nexium), pantoprazole(Protonix), rabeprazole(Aciphex) to prevent more sever symptoms

Front 35

this medication is used to moderate to severe GERD and increases peristalsis to promote gastric emptying?

Back 35

metoclopramide(Reglan)

Front 36

What do PPI's do?

Back 36

reduces the amount of acid made by your stomach.

Front 37

What does antacids do?

Back 37

neutralize the acid made by your stomach

Front 38

How many meals a day should patient with GERD have?

Back 38

4-6 small meals/day. Low fat, adequate protein and chew food well.

Front 39

A patient with GERD should remain upright for 1-2 hours after eating. They shouldn't eat how many hours prior to bedtime?

Back 39

2-3 hours

Front 40

What should a patient with GERD avoid?

Back 40

foods that cause pyrosis, chocolate, tea and anything with caffeine and tight clothing

Front 41

Esophageal ulceration, hemorrhage due to erosion, chronic night time relax;risk for aspiration, adenocarcinoma, structures from scarring are all risks that could happen when?

Back 41

GERD is uncontrolled

Front 42

a patient who has a any Esophagogastroduodenoscopy should not eat or drink until what has returned?

Back 42

Gag reflux

Front 43

a patient who will be going through Esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure must be what after midnight and what should be signed?

Back 43

NPO; informed consent

Front 44

after Esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure what s/s must you assess for?

Back 44

abdominal pain and tenderness, guarding, oral bleeding, melena and hypovolemic shock.