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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name the 4 sphincters in the GI system? |
upper and lower oesophageal, pyloric, internal and external anal |
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muscularis layer of large intestine |
taeniae coli (3 ribbons of longitudinal muscle), produce stronger and more localised contractions |
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where is the plicae circularis located |
small intestine |
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2 motility patterns in the stomach |
retropulsion and peristalsis |
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2 motility patterns in the small intestine |
peristalsis and segmentation |
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components of chyme |
digested food material and gastric secretions |
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what are flexures |
turns in the large intestine |
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what does the lesser omentum connect |
lesser curvature of stomach to liver |
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what does the greater omentum connect |
greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon |
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difference between exocrine and endocrine |
exocrine - secretion onto body surface via duct endocrine - secretion into blood stream |
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stimulus and function of GIP |
inhibits gastric secretion and motility, stimulated by fats in SI, inhibits gastric G cells which produce gastrin |
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function of CCK |
stimulates secretion of gastric juices rich in digestive enzymes, produced by SI I cells, also contracts gall bladder to release bile |
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function of secretin |
stimulates secretion of gastric juices rich in bicarbonate, produced by duodenal S cells |
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function of chemical digestion |
allows absorption of food units which can be metabolised by the body |
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function of mechanical digestion |
increases surface area of food molecules to allow exposure with digestive enzymes |
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amylase enzyme |
secreted by salivary glands into mouth and stomach, breaks down starch |
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lipase enzyme |
secreted by pancreas into small intestine, digests lipids |
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pepsin enzyme |
secreted by stomach into stomach, breaks down protein |
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trypsin and chymotrypsin enzyme |
made in pancreas, secreted into small intestine, digests proteins |
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functions of the large intestine |
temporary storage of faeces, regulate salt and water content of faeces |
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3 phases of gastric secretion |
cephalic - preparation, gastric - stimuli is stretch, ensures enough secretions intestinal - stimuli is digestive products, controls amount of acid delivered to SI |
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which nervous system inhibits and which promotes digestion |
PNS - promotes CNS - inhibits |
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where is the submucosal plexus and what does it regulate? |
regulates secretion, located beneath submucosa |
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where is the myenteric plexus? |
regulated motility, located between muscularis layers |
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3 salivary glands and their secretions |
submandibular - both mucous and serous parotid - serous solution sublingual - mucous solution |
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fasting motility |
migrating motor complex: long period of inactivity, intermittent activity, short period of intense activity |
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muscle of oesophagus |
top 1/3 - skeletal 2/3 - both 3/3 smooth |
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3 types of cells in the gastric pit |
chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells |
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most digestion in SI occurs in |
duodenum |
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most absorption in SI occurs in |
jejunum |
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how are amino acids and nucleosides absorbed into the blood stream? |
shuttled via primary active transport (ATP) |
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how are glucose monsaccharides absorbed into the blood stream? |
through sodium dependant co transport |
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which vessel provides oxygen rich blood to the liver |
proper hepatic artery |
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which vessel provides nutrient rich blood to the liver |
portal vein |
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which vein returns nutrient and oxygen poor blood to the vena cava? |
hepatic vein |
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duct from liver to small intestine |
common hepatic duct, then common bile duct |
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duct from gall bladder to small intestine |
cystic duct and then common bile duct |
