Gi System Exam 2

Front 1

Dz associated with RET gene

Back 1

Hirschsprung's Dz

Front 2

What does the RET gene do?

Back 2

plays a crucial role in neural crest development (Hirschsprung's)

Front 3

What trisomy is common in Hirschsprung's dz?

Back 3

Trisomy 21

Front 4

Most common congenital cause of intestinal obstruction

Back 4

Hirschsprung's Dz

Front 5

Hirschsprung's Dz causes chronically contracted or relaxed mucles of the colon?

Back 5

contracted = absence of relaxation

Front 6

Hirschsprung's Dz commonly involves which portion of the bowel?

Back 6

rectum (due to failure of caudal movement of enteric neurons)

Front 7

What is the DX procedure, and the DX findings of Hirschsprung's Dz?

Back 7

DX procedure = rectal biopsy

DX findings - absence of submucosal enteric gangion cells with compensatory hypertrophy of non-enteric PNS fibers that normmaly innervate the enteric ganglion cells

Front 8

Pathogenesis of diverticulosis

Back 8

1) prolonged increase in intraluminal pressure (constipation)
- lack of adequate fiber = increase constipation

Front 9

Majority of the people with diverticulosis have what sx?

Back 9

80% are asymptomatic!

but can get flatulence or inflammation (diverticulitis) from retained fecal material

Front 10

Inflammatory process charactereized by "paper-like" (plaque) exudate coating the mucosal surface that looks crumbly....pt also used antibiotics ...

Back 10

pseudomembraneous colitis

Front 11

Persistent inappropriate immunologic response to GI luminal antigens

Back 11

IBD

Front 12

NOD2 gene increases risk of what?

Back 12

IBD

Front 13

"cobblestoning" or "creeping fat" on the serosal membrane

Back 13

CD

Front 14

Noncaseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells

Back 14

pathognomonic for CD

Front 15

Transmural inflammation (CD or UC?)

Back 15

CD

Front 16

UC starts where?

Back 16

in the rectum, and extends proximally

Front 17

IBD that is NOT full thickness (involving only the mucosa & submucosa)

Back 17

UC

Front 18

Toxic megacolon (CD or UC?)

Back 18

UC

Front 19

CD or UC?

Thin wall

Thick wall

Back 19

UC

CD

Front 20

inflammatory pseudopolyps (CD or UC?)

Back 20

UC - pockets of neutrophils in the crypts = crypt abscesses

Front 21

Diffuse polypoid appearance of the mucosa (CD or UC)?

Back 21

UC - a lot of inflammatory pseudopolyps!!!

Front 22

ASCA + (CD or UC?)

Back 22

CD (She likes to ASKA lot of questions!)

Front 23

p-ANCA + (CD or UC?)

Back 23

UC

Front 24

Primary Sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) - (CD or UC?)

Back 24

UC

Front 25

Erythema nodosom - (CD or UC?)

Back 25

CD

Front 26

Iritis/uveitis - (CD or UC?)

Back 26

CD

Front 27

Nephrolithiasis - (CD or UC?)

Back 27

CD

Front 28

Abnormal proliferation of normal tissue constituents

Back 28

hamartomatous polyps

Front 29

Osteoma's, desmoids, skin cysts (Gardner syndrome or Turcot syndrome?)

Back 29

Gardner syndrome

Front 30

CNS tumors & medulloblastoma (Gardner syndrome or Turcot syndrome?)

Back 30

Turcot syndrome

Front 31

Large villous adenomas can be associated with what?

Back 31

watery (secretory) diarrhea!

Front 32

Inactivation if adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene is a pathogenesis of what Dz?

Back 32

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Front 33

What is the colorectal adenocarcinoma sequence (of genes)

Back 33

APC --> RAS --> p53

Front 34

Mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes: MLH1 & MSH2 are associated with what?

Back 34

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)

Front 35

Streptococcus bovis is associated with which cancer?

Back 35

LEFT-SIDED Colorectal Cancer

Front 36

Which colorectal cancer...Left or Right-Sided, has a greater tendency for more substantial bleeding?

If the people can bleed a lot from a cancer in this area, this means that these cancers can cause ____________

Back 36

RIGHT-SIDED CRC!

ANEMIA!!!!

Front 37

Colorectal cancers tend to met to what areas? (4)

Back 37

LIVER!!!
lungs
brain
bone

Front 38

Name the three most common forms of anorectal neoplasms

Back 38

Basaloid carcionoma (cloacogenic, epidermoid)
adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma (associated with HPV!)

Front 39

An appendiceal mucocele can be either non-neoplastic (just an obstructed appendix)....OR what other two dz processes?

Back 39

Mucinous cystadenoma (benign)

Cystadenocarcinoma (malignant)

Front 40

Common neoplasm presenting at the TIP of the appendix

Back 40

Appendiceal Carcinoid tumor = NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR (NET)!

Front 41

Mucinous neoplasm erods through the appendiceal wall and mucinous tumor implants throughout peritoneum

Back 41

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Front 42

Pancreas divisum will lead to what?

Back 42

chronic pancreatitis due to impaired drainage!

Front 43

Annular pancreas can lead to what?

Back 43

duodenal obstructions & other congenital anomalies

Front 44

Pancreatic choristomas/heterotopic rests are pancreatic tissue that is located where?

Back 44

OUTSIDE of its normal area (stomach, small bowel, Meckel diverticulum)

Front 45

Cystic Fibrosis can lead to what 2 pancreatic problems?

Back 45

pancreatic insufficiency
Chronic pancreatitis (malabsorption!!!)

Front 46

WBC > __________ strongly suggests acute pancreatitis!

Back 46

16,000

Front 47

Brittle diabetes occurs in what dz process.

What is it?

Back 47

Chronic pancreatitis

loss of both insulin & glucagon due to autoantibodies targeting cells = VERY difficult to regulate blood glucose

Front 48

A FEMALE presents with a mass on the tail of her pancreas, which shows "ovarian-type" stroma present in the wall of cyst.

Back 48

Mucinous cystic neoplasm

Front 49

A MALE presents with a notible mass in the large pancreatic duct, within the head.

Back 49

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm

Front 50

Pancreatic cancer typically involves the body, tail or the head of the pancreas?

Back 50

head

Front 51

K-RAS mutations have to do with what?

Back 51

Pancreatic cancer!!***

Front 52

Migratory thrombophlebitis is a presentation of what?

What's another name for this?

Back 52

pancreatic cancer

Trousseau's sign (mucin activates clotting!)

Front 53

CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen) is a diagnostic marker for what?

Back 53

Pancreatic cancer (ductal)!