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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GI Defense Mechanisms
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Mucus - Barrier
Bicarbonate - Neutralize acids/maintain pH Blood flow - to gastric mucosa, thickness/integrity Prostaglandins - stimulate the others |
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Antibiotics
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Pepto-Bismol (Bismuth subsalicylate)
Cell lysis (Disrupt cell wall) Contains salicylate (ASPIRIN AWARENESS) discoloration of tongue, dark stool |
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Antisecretory
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H2 Receptor Antagonists
Proton Pump Inhibitors |
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H2 Receptor Antagonists
Mechanism and Implications Adverse Effects |
Tagamet (Cimetidine)
inhibits gastric acid secretion PO/IV/IM. w/meals so peak associated w/ gastric emptying Adverse: pneumonia, antiandrogenic effects DO NOT GIVE TO IMMUNE IMPAIRED PATIENTS NO ALCOHOL Give for: duodenal/gastric ulcers, GERD, hypersecretory diseases, aspiration pneumonitis, H. pylori. |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
Mechanism and Implications Adverse Effects |
Prilosec (omeprazole)
Suppress gastric acid secretion, inhibits H/K pump. PRODRUG converted to active form PO/IV. take same time. DO NOT CRUSH Pneumonia, fractures , rebound reflux, e imb, SHORT TERM USE. long = cancer give for: duodenal/gastric ulcers, GERD, hypersecretory diseases, aspiration pneumonitis, H. pylori. AND erosive esophagitis and stress ulcer prophylaxis |
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Mucosal Protectant
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Carafate (sucralfate)
paste-like substance, binds to + charged proteins. PROTECTIVE COATING like bandaid. no metabolism. PO constipation For: ulcers |
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Antacids
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Maalox, Mylanta, Tums
Neutral salts when combined w/ gastric acids. Hypernatremia, hard metals metallic taste normal, CNS abn, renal failure Give for: peptic ulcer disease, min. asp. pneumonitis, GERD. |
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Laxatives
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For: Constipation
Bulk Forming Surfactant Stimulant Osmotic |
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Bulk Forming Laxatives
Mechanism and Implications Adverse Effects |
Citrucel (methylcellulose)
like dietary fiber, increase stool volume bowel obstruction give for: constipation, diverticulosis, IB disease |
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Surfactant Laxatives
Mechanism and Implications Adverse Effects |
Colace (docusate sodium)
produce soft stool by lowering surface tension diarrhea, cramping give for: constipation, prophylaxis against valsalva, ease w/ hemorrhoids. FULL GLASS WATER |
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Stimulant Laxatives
Mechanism and Implications Adverse Effects |
Dulcolax (Bisacodyl)
stimulate instestinal motility gastric irritation, EMPTY STOMACH give for: opioid-induced constipation |
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Osmotic Laxatives
Mechanism and Implications Adverse Effects |
Miralax (polyethylene glycol)
draw water into intestinal lumen. dehydration, Mg/P accumulation, Na absorption=fluid overload give for: Low conc = constipation high conc = evacuation/preparation, purge bowel of ingestions |
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Laxative Implications
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DO NOT GIVE FOR DECREASED PERISTALSIS
DO NOT USE FOR LUMEN NARROWING BULF FORMING AND LACK OF WATER CAN RESULT IN ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION |
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Diarrhea
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Imodium (Ioperamide)
decrease intestinal motility, slow transit, increased absorption time. PO. anal sphincter tone. cramps, constipation, dizziness. give for: diarrhea associated with all EXCEPT INFECTIONS |
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Emesis
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Serotonin Antagonists
Dopamine Antagonists |
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Serotonin Antagonists
Mechanism and Implications Adverse Effects |
Zofran (Ondansetron)
Blocks serotonin. PO/IV/IM/SL CNS effects, heart effects Give for: vomiting, radiotherapy/anesthesia nausea, morning sickness |
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Dopamine Antagonists
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Phenergen (promethazine) Give for: emesis r/t surgery, chemo, toxins
Reglan (metoclopramide) Give for: GERD, gastroparesis. Increases sphincter tone blocks dopamine 2 receptors. first pass, limits bioavailability. PO/PR/IV/IM CONTRA <2YO extrapyramidal effects, anticholinergic, hypotension |
