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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alimentary canal
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Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), colon, rectum, and anus.
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Accessory digestive organs
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Includes all secretory; salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
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Alimentary canal
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Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), colon, rectum, and anus.
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Accessory digestive organs
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Includes all secretory; salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
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Mucosa
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Faces lumen, absorptive and secreting epithelium. Includes underlying connective tissue (lamina propria) which contains blood and lymphatic vessels; and, lastly, includes underlying mucosal smooth muscle that alters the shape and surface area of mucosa.
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Lamina propria
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Part of the mucosa which contains blood and lymphatic vessels.
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Mucosal muscle
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Part of the mucosa that alters the shape and surface area of mucosa.
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Submucosa
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Connective tissue in GI wall containing blood vessels and embedded ‘submucosal’ glands.
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Submucosal plexus
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Nervous tissue that innervates mucosal muscle and epithelial cells.
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Circular muscle
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Thick layer of GI wall; functions include mixing, propulsion, and gating.
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Myenteric plexus
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Nervous tissue that innervates circular and longitudinal muscle as well as submucosal plexus.
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Longitudinal muscle
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Thin layer of GI wall; functions include mixing and propulsion.
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Serosa
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Outer serous membrane lining the peritoneal cavity.
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Alimentary canal
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Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), colon, rectum, and anus.
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Accessory digestive organs
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Includes all secretory; salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
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Mucosa
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Faces lumen, absorptive and secreting epithelium. Includes underlying connective tissue (lamina propria) which contains blood and lymphatic vessels; and, lastly, includes underlying mucosal smooth muscle that alters the shape and surface area of mucosa.
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Lamina propria
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Part of the mucosa which contains blood and lymphatic vessels.
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Mucosal muscle
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Part of the mucosa that alters the shape and surface area of mucosa.
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Submucosa
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Connective tissue in GI wall containing blood vessels and embedded ‘submucosal’ glands.
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Submucosal plexus
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Nervous tissue that innervates mucosal muscle and epithelial cells.
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Circular muscle
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Thick layer of GI wall; functions include mixing, propulsion, and gating.
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Myenteric plexus
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Nervous tissue that innervates circular and longitudinal muscle as well as submucosal plexus.
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Longitudinal muscle
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Thin layer of GI wall; functions include mixing and propulsion.
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Serosa
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Outer serous membrane lining the peritoneal cavity.
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Vagovagal reflexes
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Reflex where both afferents and efferents within the vagus nerve; fibers are 75% afferents (mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors) and 25% efferents (modulate smooth muscle and glands).
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Enteric nervous system
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Contained wholly within the GI wall, most enteric neurons may co-secrete two or more neurotransmitters.
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Paracrine action
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Synthesized in endocrine cells, diffuse to nearby targets where they act. Ex: somatostatin.
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Orexigenic neurons
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Located in arcuate hypothalamus; activity results in increased appetite.
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Anorexigenic neurons
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Located in arcuate hypothalamus; activity results in increased satiety.
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Leptin
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Released from adipose cells in proportion to amount of fat stored; stimulates anorexigenic neurons to increase satiety.
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Insulin
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Released from pancreatic beta cells in response to increased blood levels of glucose and other nutrients; stimulates anorexigenic neurons to increase satiety; daily fluctuations.
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Ghrelin
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Released by gastric cells during fasting periods; stimulates orexigenic neurons.
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