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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parotid glands are the ___ which secrete ____
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largest
serous- amylase |
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sublingual glands secrete
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mucins and serous fluid- amylase
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submandibular glands secrete
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mucous and serous- amylase
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control of salivary glands
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parasympathetic
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important ingredients of saliva
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mucins
amylase proline rich peptides bicarbonate |
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during pharyngeal stage of swallowing____
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hyoid bone and pharynx move forward and upward
epiglottis is tipped downward |
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circopharyngeus muscle is_____ located ____
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striated sphincter muscle located at the top of the esophagus
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UES muscle type
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skeletal
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LES muscle type
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smooth
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secondary peristalsis is initiated by
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intrinsic nervous system and vago-vagal response
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if vagus nerve is cut, peristalsis___
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can still occur to move bolus
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in smooth muscle, calcium
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binds calmodulin which stimulates MLCK
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MLCK phosporylates_____allowing
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light chains on myosin allowing interaction ofmyosin head with actin and activaion of myosin ATPase
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___ and ___ move calcium outside of the cell
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Na/Ca eschange
Ca ATPase |
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ICC cells are coupled together by
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gap junctions
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ICC cells generate and propagate_____
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electrical slow waves
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smooth muscle cells respond to the depolarization from ICC cells by___
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activation of L-type Ca channels
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can smooth muscles regenerate slow wavers?
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no
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force of contractions of smooth muscle are regulated by
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enteric nervous system
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depolarization of smooth muscle cells stimulated by
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stretch
Ach PS |
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hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells is caused by
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NE
S |
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ICC cells interact with ____, _____ through _____
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smooth muscle cells
ganglion cell bodies gap junctions |
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gastrin is secreted in this portion of the stomach
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antrum
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gastrin stimulated by
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peptides and aa and GRP released because of parasympathetic
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gastrin stimulates
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ECL to release histamine
D cells to release somatostatin parietal cells to releast HCL |
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histamine stimulates
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parietal cells to release H
D cells to release somatostatin |
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somatostatin acts to
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inhibit basically everything in the stomach
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somatostatin is inhibited by
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vagus
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pepsinogen released by
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chief cells
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most potent stimulator of pepsinogen
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Ach release via vagus
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CCK stimulates
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gall bladder contraction
sphincter of oddi relaxation pancreas secretions (secondarily) |
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CCK also
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slows down gastric emptying
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CCK release stimulated by
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fatty protein-rich chyme which stimulates I cells to release
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trypsin
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breaks down releasing factors like CCK-releasing protein
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CCK is blocked by
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atropine
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secretin is secreted by
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S cells in SI and is stimulated by acidic gastric juice in duodenum
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secretin stimulates
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HCO3 secretion by duct cells
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secretin is secreted in the
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duodenum, jejunum
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VIP is secreted in the
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pancreas
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VIP causes
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smooth muscle relaxation and HCO3 secretion by pancreas
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PP secreted by the ___ and acts to_____
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pancreas
inhibit pancreatic bicarb secretion |
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inhibitors of HCO3
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substance P, somatostatin, peptide YY, glucagon, PP
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motiin is produced in
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duodenal mucosa
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motilin is produced by___ and stimulated by____
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M cells
vagus |
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motilin initiates______
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phase III of migrating motor complex
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migrating motor complex is terminated when
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food enters because of gastrin and CCK
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molecules that are released by the pancreas that regulate inappropriate zymogen activation
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trypsin inhibitor
moniter peptide |
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pancreas acinar cells produce ____ in order to make____
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HCO3-
enzymes soluble |
