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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some treatments for GERD?
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Lifestyle Modification
Drugs to neutralize gastric contents. Drugs to decrease gastric acid secretion. |
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What are some nursing interventions for the treatment of GERD?
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Sit up at least one hour after eating.
Elevate head of bed 6-8 inches. Avoid drugs that increase problems (drugs that increase peristalsis). Eat frequent small meals. Do not drink excess fluids with meals. Promote weight loss. |
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What are some common causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease?
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H.Pylori Infection (most common cause).
Use of NSAID's as they inhibit COX1. Hypersecretion of gastric acid (erodes the GI mucosal lining). Smoking (increases risk). |
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Is the secretion of Hydrochloric Acid influenced by histamine, gastrin, and acetlycholine?
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True....Acetylcholine activates the release of histamine.
This is eventually how we treat Peptic Ulcers. |
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What are some lifestyle modifications for Peptic Ulcers?
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Avoid certain foods that exacerbate the symptoms.
High fiber foods. Avoid caffeine (stimulates acid secretion). Alcohol only in moderation (can aggravate ulcer). Smoking should be discouraged. |
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What are H2 blockers?
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First choice of drug to treat peptic ulcers.
Blocks Histamine 2 receptors that are responsible for increasing acid secretion production. |
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What was the first H2 blocker drug?
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Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Has lots of drug interactions as it is a liver enzyme inhibitor. |
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What are 3 newer H2 blockers?
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Famotidine (Pepcid)
Ranitidine (Zantac) Nizatidine (Axid) |
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What do Proton Pump Inhibitors work?
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Inhibit gastric acid secretions up to 90% greater than H2 blockers.
Have a longer duration of action as well. However, should be taken 30 minutes prior to eating. Treatment is around 4-8 weeks. |
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What are some Proton Pump Inhibitors?
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Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Esomeprazole (Nexium) (Purple Pill) Pantoprazole (Protonix) |
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Are PPI's unstable in an acidic environment?
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Yes....available in a enteric coating form or sodium bicarbonate powder mixture that will elevate gastric pH.
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What are Pepsin Inhibitors?
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Non-absorbable mucosal protectant.
Coats stomach and ulcer to prevent them from acid and pepsin damage. Does not affect the secretion of gastric acid. |
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What is an example of a Pepsin Inhibitor?
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Sucralfate (Carafate)
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What do Antacids do?
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Neutralize gastric acid.
However, does not coat the ulcer. |
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What can Antacids be made from?
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Aluminum
Magnesium Sodium Calcium |
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What are Prostaglandin-Like Substance?
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Inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates the production of protective mucus.
Used primarily for prophylaxis in patients who are taking high doses of NSAID's. |
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What is a name of a Prostaglandin-Like Substance?
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Misoprostol (Cytotec)
Category X for pregnancy, however, can be used to induce labor and contractions. |
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What are 4 sources of stimuli for the vomiting center located in the medulla?
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GI Tract - Obstruction, Infection, Distension.
Vestibular System - Motion sickness, infection. CNS Center - Increased ICP, infection, tumor, sights, smells, emotions. Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone - Opiods, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, acidosis. |
