Gi Pathology Of Stomach

Front 1

symptoms of esophageal atresia

Back 1

vomitting regurgitation

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esophageal atresia is often seen with

Back 2

fistulas

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most common congenital esophageal anomaly

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tracheoesophageal fistula

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describe webs

Back 4

shelf like protusion of mucosa into lumen of esophagus, not circumferential, seen in upper esophagus

can be seen in pullmer vinson, and long GERD

Front 5

plummer-vinson syndrome

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triad of IDA, glossitis, cheilosis

can see webs

Front 6

describe Schatzki rings

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circfumferential and thicker, might include muscularis...common in lower esoph and GE junction

Front 7

describe the three true diverticula

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zenker: just above UES, food bolus, regurg;mass effect

traction: mid esophagus

epiphrenic: just above LES

Front 8

for it to be a true diverticulum what must it contain

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all three layers of the bowel wall

Front 9

ectopic tissue describe

Back 9

can be gastric mucosa or pancreatic

Inlet patch: gastric mucosa in cervical esophagus, found in 10% of endoscopies

Front 10

whats achalasia

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functional obstruction----impaired smooth muscle relaxation of LES

Front 11

TRIAD of achalasia

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incomplete LES relaxation
increased LES tone
imbalance/failure of inhibitory nearuons

Front 12

achalasia can be secondary to

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chagas diseas!

amyloid, malignancy, sarcoidosis
diabetic neuropathy, polio

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pt presents with upper GI bleeding (hematemesis), portal HTN, possibly liver disease...you should think

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esophageal varices

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path of esoph varices

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development of collateral blood vessels between portal and caval circulation due to portal HTN; from liver cirrhosis, schistosomiasis

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common cause death in cirrhosis with esoph varices

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massive hematemsis

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tx for esoph varices

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scleropathy

Front 17

mallory-weiss tears

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longitudinal near GE junction, sceonary to severe retching/vomitting from alcohol

Front 18

boerhavve syndrome

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distal esoph rupture and mediastinitis

results in retching and vomitting followed by retrosternal chest pain, shock

Front 19

most hiatal hernias are of the what kind

Back 19

sliding hernia

Front 20

difference between sliding hernia and paraesophageal

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sliding: portion of gastric cardia pushes through esophagus, asymptomatic

paraesophageal; gastric fundus pushes up alongside esophagea, more commonly to be symptomatic

Front 21

describe esophagitis on endoscopy

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irregular lesions of redness, epithelial damage and inflammation

Front 22

msot common cause of esophagitis

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GERD

Front 23

three things that can cause infectious esophagitis

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candida, cmv, hsv,

Front 24

true EE is especially restricted to what parts of the esophagus

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proximal and mid esophagus

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tx for eosinophilic esoph

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corticosteroid

Front 26

how can you tell the difference between GERD and True EE

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in GERD eosinophils are restricted to distal esoph

Front 27

whats common sx with HSV esoph

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chest phain, odynophagia, upper GI bleed, usually HSV2\1
*****herpetic ulcers can lead to site of entry for other organisms

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usually a person with CMV esophagitis will also have

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AIDS

Front 29

describe the lesions in CMV esophagitis

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well-circumscribed

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where are inclusions of CMV seen in, as opposed to HSV

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endothelial cells and fibroblasts

HSV found in epithelial

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most common esophageal infection in AIDS

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candidiasis

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what does candida esophagitis look like on endoscopy?

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small white mucosal plaques

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tx for GERD

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promote utility, h2 receptors antags, PPI

reduce hiatal hernia, interrupt gastric vagal innervation

Front 34

what is barrett esophagus

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intestinal goblet cell metaplasia in distal esoph mucosa

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what does dx of barretts require

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requires correlation between endoscopy findings and histologic on goblet cell metaplasia

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barretts is a risk factor for what

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esophageal andenocarcinoma

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barretts related dysplasia

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neoplastic change in glandular epithelial cells in metaplastic area

polypoid on endo

low vs high grade

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squamous cx arise from ....

whereas adeno arise from...

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sqaumous: tobacoo, plummer vinson, povery, HPV

adeno: barrets, GERD

Front 39

squamous cell cx usually arise where in the esoph

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middle 1/3 of esoph