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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pregnant woman/young adult
A smooth or lobulated red mass. |
Pyogenic granuloma
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A blue-red mass on the GINGIVA
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Peripheral giant cell granuloma (The underlying alveolar bone can be destroyed, leaving a unique appearance referred to as "cupping resorption" or "saucerization").
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Red halo around a non-keratinized piece of unattached mucosa (not on the gingiva or hard palate)
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Aphthous ulcer (canker sore)
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Most canker sores aren't assoc with an underlying condition. However...what are some possible causes?
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Malabsorption syndromes, reiter's, HIV, PFAPA, Behcet's disease
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Among many other causes, what can be present in an overweight, middle-aged males with sleep apnea?
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Traumatic ulcer on the lateral tongue (from tongue biting). This lesion mimicks cancer.
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What is one way a traumatic ulcer can look like?
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A crusty lesion on the lip with a pearly border. The DDx inclues SCCA. (Can occur in diabetics from a fungal infection)
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A patient comes in with Petechiae/ecchymoses
Gingival enlargement Spontaneous gingival hemorrhage, and Mucosal ulcers (neutropenia). |
Blood dyscrasias (blood abnormalities) such as leukemia.
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A teen/young adult comes in with flu-like symptoms
Oral/perioral vesicles on any mucosal surface, and red, enlarged, painful gingiva. What diagnostic test can be used? |
Primary herpes simplex
Can use the Tzanck test |
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The patient has superficial clumps of brown crusty lesions---both on the lips and around the mouth.
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recurrent herpes simplex
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What does the measles path slide look like?
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One really red ulcer, with 3 spots on the boy's upper lip.
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An adult comes in with orchitis and encephalitis, from the paramyxovirus
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Mumps
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A pt comes in with lesions on both the lip and hand
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erythema multiforme
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A middle aged man comes in with a lesion of white/light purple that is long and tight. There is also cracking and scaling of the lip.
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Actinic cheilitis
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The picture from a weird angle is what...? And the overlying loops on histo?
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Oral SCCA
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What are high risk areas to develop Oral SCCA?
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floor of mouth, tongue, and retromolar pad.
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What is the cancer assoc. with the diffuse red coloring on the upper palate? And the white/red areas on the underside of the tongue? And the white non-healing patch with some blood in front of it?
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Oral SCCA
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What are the MC locations for idiopathic leukoplakia?
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mandibular mucosa and sulcus, and the buccal mucosa
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This is the MC odontogenic cyst and occurs in non-vital teeth.
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Periapical (radicular) cyst
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This is the MC odontogenic cyst and occurs in non-vital teeth.
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Periapical (radicular) cyst
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This occurs at the crown of an unerupted tooth and is the MC "developmental" odontogenic cyst.
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dentigerous cyst
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The histo pic shows multiple cell layers. The gross pic looks like a 4 leaf clover.
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Odontogenic keratocyst
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A 40 y.o. comes in for a routine x-ray and it shows a benign tumor in the posterior mandible. The adult is asymptomatic.
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ameloblastoma
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A teen comes in and her x-ray shows an impacted tooth with a surrounding radiolucent capsule. This tumor is either compound (recognizable tooth) or complex (not recognizable)
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odontoma (hamartoma)
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What is the difference between a true and false diverticulum?
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True--all layers outpouch
False--only the mucosa and submucose outpouch |
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What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
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excessive vomiting in alcoholics (massive bleeding and esophageal ulcerations)
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Where is the Zencker diverticulum located? What are some of its symptoms?
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It is just above the esophageal sphincter and can cause dysphagia, regurg, and looks like a mass in the neck.
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What is a traction diverticulum? What can cause it?
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It is an asymtomatic one that is in the mid-portion of esophagus.
It can be from TB or other diseases that cause fibrosis. |
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Where is a epiphrenic diverticulum located and what are its symptoms?
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It is just above the LOWER esophageal sphincter. It can cause nocturnal regurg.
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What are characterisitcs of Plummer-Vinson syndrome?
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Upper esophageal web
Iron-deficiency anemia Glossitis Cheilosis Increased risk of esophageal carcinoma |
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What is achalasia?
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the triad of incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, and aperistalsis of the esophagus. Primary achalasia is caused by failure of distal esophageal inhibitory neurons.
Food will not go past the esophagus so it dilates and becomes "floppy." |
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What are esophageal varices?
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Dilated submucosal vessels secondary to portal hypertension creating collateral bypass channels between portal and caval systems (portal blood flow diverted through stomach and esophageal veins into azygos vein).
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What are some characteristics on histo of reflux esophagitis?
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eosinophilic inflamm, basal cell hyperplasia, and elongation of papillae with congestion.
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What are two differences between eosinophilic esphagitis (EE) and GERD?
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In EE, the patient will not get better with reflux therapy--rather steroids are the tx. Also in EE, there are eosinophils throughout the esophagus, not just the distal part.
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What marker is expressed in Barrett's and marks the change of endoderm to columnar epithelium?
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CDX2
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What are two gastric congenital anomalies and describe them:
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Heterotypia--pancreatic tissue in the pylorus
Pyloric stenosis--persistent nonbilious vomiting because the sphincter is very contracted. |
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Where is the MC location for adenocarcinoma (when it's at the stomach)?
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At the pylorus/antrum in the lesser curvature.
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What is linitis plastica?
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"leather bottle" The stomach's interior is roughened with a very thickened wall. It is a diffuse adenocarcinoma, and has a signet ring appearance on histo.
This is usually an advanced cancer with a poor prognosis. |
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Where do these metastasize to...
Kruckenberg tumor? Virchow's tumor? Sister Mary Joseph nodule? |
1. the ovaries
2. the supraclavicular nodes 3. the periumbilical region |
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What is unique about GIST?
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The tumor protrudes out from the wall of the stomach. It has both spindle and epitheloid types.
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What does the rule of 2's refer to?
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Meckel diverticulum:
1. Occurring within 2 feet of the ileocecal valve 2. 2% of the population 3. If it's symptomatic, usually by age 2. |
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What occurs in Meckel's diverticulum?
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Failure of the vitelline duct to involute with ectopic gastric and pancreatic tissue.
Symptoms are related to obstruction or bleeding. |
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What is gastroschisis?
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Complete failure of abdominal wall formation.
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What is involved in small bowel atresia?
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There is failure of the cloacal diaphragm to rupture leading to an imperforated anus.
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Which antibodies are involved in sprue?
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antigladin and anti-endomysial
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How can MAI (Avium-Mycobacterium Intracellulare) and Whipple disease be differentiated?
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MAI is positive on acid fast stain
Whipple is negative on acid fast stain Both are positive on PAS |
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What is the mechanism for disaccridase (lactase) deficiency?
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partially breakdown of lactose leads to unabsorbed sugar being broken down by gut flora resulting in hydrogen formation.
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What is IPEX?
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IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome is characterized by systemic autoimmunity, typically beginning in the first year of life.
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What are acanthocytic red blood cells?
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Acanthocyte--refers to a form of red blood cell that is spiked, or possess various abnormal thorny projections. (Occurs in AbetalipoproteinemiA)
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What are four symptoms of intestinal obstruction?
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1. abdominal pain
2. distention 3. constipation 4. vomiting |
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What is an intussusception obstruction?
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An intussusception, also known as 'telescopic botty', is a medical condition in which a part of the intestine has invaginated into another section of intestine, similar to the way in which the parts of a collapsible telescope slide into one another.
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What are the two complications of hernias?
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Incarcaration: permanent trapping of sac contents.
Strangulation: infarction of the entrapped bowel. |
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What can be some secondary causes of adhesions in the small bowel?
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surgery, infection, endometriosis
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Where does a volvulus usually occur?
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In the sigmoid
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Where is the most at risk area in ischemic bowel disease?
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Splenic flexure of the colon due to watershed location between the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries.
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What are the three types of ischemic bowel disease?
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Mucosal, Mural, and Transmural
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What are characteristics of transmural IBD?
And mucosal/mural? |
Perforation, vascular collapse, shock. There is a 50-75% death rate.
Nonspecific abdominal complaints and bloody diarrhea |
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What is angiodysplasia?
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Tortuous dilations of submucosal and mucosal blood vessels. They account for only 20% of lower gut hemorrhage.
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What is GIST?
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gastrointestinal stroma tumors related to CD-117 or c-KIT postitive.
one of the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (1-3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies). Patients present with trouble swallowing, gastrointestinal hemorrhage or metastases (mainly in the liver). |
