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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most common salivary gland tumor
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pleomorphic adenoma
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most common malignant salivary gland tumor
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mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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salivary gland tissue trapped in a lymph node
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Warthin's tumor
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Bird's beak on barium swallow
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achalasia
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patho of achalasia
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loss of Auerbachs (myenteric) plexus
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plummer vinson triad
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dysphagia (webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
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what type metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus
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stratified squamous --> columnar w/ goblet cells
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risk factors for esophageal cancer
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ABCDEFGH: achalasia, barrett's, cigarettes, diverticuli, esophageal webs, esophagitis, familial, GERD, hotdogs (nitrates)
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what type esophageal cancer in upper 2/3? Lower 1/3?
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upper: SCC, lower: adeno
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PAS (+) macrophages in intestinal lamina propria, mesenteric nodes
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Whipple's
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malabsorption w/ arthralgias, cardiac, neuro symptoms
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Whipple's
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patho of abetalipoproteinemia
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decreased apoB --> can't make chylomicrons --> decreased secretion of cholesterol, VLDL --> fat accumulation in entoerocytes
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presentation of abetalipoproteinemia
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early childhoold malabsorption + neuro
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what supplementation for abetaliproproteinemia
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vitamin E
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antibodies in celiac sprue
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gliadin, tissue transaminase, endomysial
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Curling's ulcer
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decreased plasma volume --> sloughing of gastric mucosa
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Cushing's ulcer
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increased vagal stimulation --> ACh --> acid production
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acute gastritis is esp common in what populations?
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alcoholics, patients taking daily NSAIDs
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patho Type A chronic gastritis
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autoAb to parietal cells --> pernicious anemia, achlorhydria
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patho type B chronic gastritis
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H pylori infection
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type B chronic gastritis has increased risk for
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MALT lymphoma
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pernicious anemia affects what part of stomach
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body
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h. pylori affects what part of stomach
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antrum
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menetrier's disease
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gastric hypertrophy w/ protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and increased mucous cells
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Virchows node
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mets from stomach --> left supraclavicular node
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Krukenberg's tumor
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mets from stomach --> bilateral ovaries
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Sister Mary Joseph's nodule
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mets from stomach --> subQ periumbilical mets
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Crohns/UC: rectal involvement
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UC
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Crohns/UC: pseudopolyps
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UC
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Crohns/UC: granulomas
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Crohn's
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Crohns/UC: fistulas
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Crohn's
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String sign
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Crohn's
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Lead pipe
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UC
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Crohns/UC: pyoderma gangrenosum
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UC
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what disease is sclerosing cholangitis assoc w/
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UC
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Crohns/UC: creeping fat
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Crohn's
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Crohn's treatment
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steroids, inflixamab
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UC treatment
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ASA, 6 MP, infliximab, colectomy
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common cause of adult appendicitis
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fecalith
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common cause of kid appendicitis
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lymphoid hyperplasia after viral infection
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false diverticulum involves
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mucosa + submucosa only
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where do false diverticula occur
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where vasa recta perforate muscularis externa
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presentation: LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis
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diverticulitis
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patho diverticulosis
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increased intraluminal P + focal weakness in colonic wall
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presentation Zenker's diverticulum
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halitosis, dysphagia, obstruction
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Zenker's diverticulum
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false diverticulum; hernitation of mucosal tissue prox to cropharyngeal muscle
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most common congenital anomaly of GI tract
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meckel's divertiuclum
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patho meckel's
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persistence of vitelline duct / yolk sac
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vovlulus commonly occurs at
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cecum, sigmoid colon (reduant mesentery)
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hirchspurng's assoc w/ what condition
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Downs
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location of ischemic colitis
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splenic flexure, distal colon
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pain after eating
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ischemic colitis
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angiodysplasia
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dilated vascular channels in submucosa of cecum (d/t wall stress); #2 MCC of hematochezia
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Peutz Jeghers
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AD; non malignant harmartomas w/ hyperpigmented mouth
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FAP mutation
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APC chr 5q; 2 hit hypothesis
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Gardner's syndrome
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FAP + osseous + soft tissue tumors, retinal hyperplasia
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Turcot's syndrome
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FAP + malignant CNS tumor
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HNPCC mutation
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DNA mismatch repair
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HNPCC always involves what part of GI
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proximal colon
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presentation of distal CRC
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obstruction, colicky pain, hematochezia
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presentation of proxmial CRC
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dull pain, iron deficiency, fatigue
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apple core lesion
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CRC
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what is tumor marker for CRC
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CEA
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microsatellite instability pathway involves
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DNA mismatch repair gene mutations (HNPCC, sporadic)
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more common pathway to CRC
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APC, beta Catenin: APC --> KRAS --> p53
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Dense core bodies
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carcinoid
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micronodular cirrhosis
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metabolic insult: alcohol, hemachromatosis, wilsons
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macronodular cirrhosis
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hepatic necrosis - post infectious, drug induced
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ALT > AST
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viral
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AST > ALT
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alcohol
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GGT
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heavy alcohol consumption
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mechanism of Reye's syndrome
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asprin metabolites decrease beta oxidation by inhibiting mitochondrial enzymes
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shrunken liver w/ hobnail appearance
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alcholic cirrhosis
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mallory bodies
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alcoholic hepatitis
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marker for HCC
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AFP
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risk factors for HCC
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hepatitis B/C, Wilsons, hemachromatosis, antitrypsin, alcoholic cirrhosis, aflatoxin
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inheritance of a1 antitrypsin
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codominant trait
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PAS (+) globules in liver
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a1 antitrypsin
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patho physiologic neonatal jaundice
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immature UDP glucuronyl transferase
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high urine bilirunbin, normal urine urobilinogen
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hepatocellular
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high urine bilirubin, low urine urobiliogen
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obstructive
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no urine bilirubin, high urobilinogen
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hemolytic
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patho Gilbert's
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mildly decreased UDP glucuronyl transferase
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patho Crigler Najjar type 1
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absent UDP glucuronyl transferase
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Dubin Johnson
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conjugated hyperbilirubinemia d/t defective liver excretion
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grossly black liver
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Dubin Johnson
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patho Wilson's disease
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inadequate copper excretion
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treatment for Wilson's disease
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penicillamine
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inheritance of Wilsons
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AR
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treatment hemochromatosis
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deferoxamine
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HLA assoc w/ hemochromatosis
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A3
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patho secondary biliary cirrhosis
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extrahepatic biliary obstruction --> pressure in ducts --> injury/fibrosis
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patho primary biliary cirrhosis
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autoimmune --> lymphocytes, granulomas
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(+) AMA
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primary biliary cirrhosis
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patho primary sclerosing cholangitis
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onion skin bile duct fibrosis --> beading of bile ducts
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(+) p ANCA bile ducts
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primary sclerosing cholangitis
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Charcot's triad of cholangitis
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jaundice, fever, RUQ pain
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Reynold's pentad
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jaundice, fever, RUQ pain, hypoTN, mental status changes
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gallstone ileus
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stone obstructs ileocecal valve --> air seen in biliary tree
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what infection for cholecystitis
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CMV
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what marker for cholecystitis
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alkphos
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markers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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CEA, CA 19-9
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what populations for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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jewish, AA
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risk factors for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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smoking, chronic pancreatitis. NOT alcohol
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presentation of pancreatic adeocarcinoma
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abd pain radiating to back, weight loss, migratory thrombophlebitis, palpable GB
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