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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What protozoa causes bloody dysentery, fever, abd pain, constipation, and chronic liver abcesses?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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What is dx stage of Ent. histolytica?
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cysts/trophs
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What 3 drugs are used for amebic dystentery?
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paromomycin, iodoquinol, metronidazole
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What is MOA of paromycin?
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aminoglycoside that binds 30S, luminal
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What is MOA of iodoquinol?
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luminal, inhibits metabolism
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What is MOA of chloroquine?
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concentrates in food vacuole to prevent heme-polymerase
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What is MOA of metronidazole?
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mixed (luminal and systemic), protozoa reduces nitro grp to anion radical which causes ptn and DNA damage
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What protozoa causes bulky diarrhea, abd pain, malabsorption?
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Giardia lamblia
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What is dx stage of Giardia?
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cysts/trophs
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What is DOC for giardiasis?
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metronidazole
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What is MOA and organism - Nitazoxanide?
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inhibits ferrodoxin oxidoreductase, Giardia
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What protozoa acutely causes watery diarrhea to dysentery, and chronically invades mucosa but not blood stream?
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Balantidium coli
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What is dx stage of Balantidium coli?
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cysts/trophs
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What is DOC for B. coli?
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metronidazole
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What parasite is commonly seen in AIDS pts?
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Cryptosporidium
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What protozoa causes watery diarrhea (no bld), and may invade visceral organs?
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Cryptosporidium parvum / hominis
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How is cryptosporidiosis tmitted?
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contamination of water with oocysts
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What is life cycle of Cryptosporidium?
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oocyst - sporozoite - type I meront - merozoite - type II meront
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What is dx stage of Cryptosporidium?
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sporulates oocysts
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What is therapy in Cryptosporidium?
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self-limiting, nitazoxanide
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What are symptoms of cyclosporiasis?
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watery diarrhea, abd pain, fever, N/V
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What are dx and infectious stages of Cyclosporia cayetanensis?
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dx= unsporulated oocyst; inf= sporulated oocyst
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What is DOC and MOA of drug for Cyclosporiasis?
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TMP-SMX - inhibits folic acid synthesis
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What protozoa causes bulky to watery diarrhea and remains viable for months in the eviroment?
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Isospora belli
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What is infectious and dx stage of Isospora?
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inf= mature oocyst w/ sporozoites; dx= immature oocysts
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What is therapy for Isosporiasis?
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usually self-limiting, TMP-SMX
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What is life cycle of Ascaris?
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ingest egg - duodenum - bld - lungs - grows/molts - coughed up - swallowed to intestines - matures
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What helminth causes fever, bloody sputum, cough, then abd pain, diarrhea, obstruction?
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Ascaris
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What is dx stage of Ascaris?
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unfertilized or fertilized eggs
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What is DOC for Ascaris?
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mebendazole
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What is MOA of mebendazole?
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Inhibits microtubule assembly - stops egg hatching, larval develpment, glucose tport
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What is MOA of albenazole?
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take w/ fatty foods to form active metabolite that is potent against tapeworms
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What is MOA of pyrantel pamoate?
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cholinergic agonist paralyzing worm
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What causes new world hookworm?
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Necator americanus
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What is life cycle of Necator americanus?
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filariform larvae - penetrates skin - bld - lungs - coughed up - swallowed to intestines - mature
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What is envronmental form of Necator americanus?
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rhabitiform larvae which hatches from egg upon contact w/ soil
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What helminth causes fever, bloody sputum, sore throat, then abd pain, N/V, Fe def'y anemia?
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Necator americanus = new world hookworm
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What is dx stage of Necator americanus?
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fertilized eggs
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What is DOC of new world hookworm?
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mebendazole
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What is life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis?
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ingest eggs - hatch in sm int - lg int - mature
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What helminth causes severe perianal pruritis, abd pain, n/v, diarrhea?
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enterobiasis
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What is most common helminth inf in US?
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Enterobius vermicularis
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What is dx stage of Enterobius vermicularis?
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fertilized egg from perianal surface sampled at night
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What is DOC for enterobiasis?
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pyrantel pamoate
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What is the whipworm?
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Trichuris trichura
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What if life cycle of Trichuris trichiura?
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ingest eggs - hatch in sm int - cecum - mature
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What helminth causes abd pain, bloody diarrhea, anemia?
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Trichuris trichiura
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What is dx stage of trichuriasis?
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unembryonated egg that has hyalin plugs
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What is DOC for trichuriasis?
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mebendazole
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What are the 4 roundworms?
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Ascaris, Necator, Enterobius, Trichuris
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What are the trematodes?
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Fasciolopsis buski, Paragonimus
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What are the 4 cestodes?
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Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Diphyllobothrium latum, Echinococcus
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What causes trichuriasis?
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Fasciolopsis buski
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What is life cycle of Fasciolopsis buski?
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ingest metacercariae (water chestnuts) - flukes in duodenum - attaches - self fert - release eggs to environment - infect snails
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What helminth causes abd pain, duodenal ulcer, bloody diarrhea
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trichuriasis
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What is dx stage of Fasciolopsis buski (trichuriasis)?
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unembryonated egg that has operculum
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What is DOC for trichuriasis (Fasciolopsis buski)?
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praziquantel
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What is MOA of prazquantel?
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Ca++ agonist causing tetany and exposes worm Ag
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What is MOA of niclosamide?
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uncouples ox-phos in mito to stop ATP and immobilize worm
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What is lifecycle of Paragonimus westermani?
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eat infected crabs - larva hatch in stomach - int - diaphragm - lungs - mature
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What helminth causes persistent cough, severe chest pain, chronic bronchitis?
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Paragonimiasis
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What is dx stage of paragonimus westermani?
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unembyronated eggs
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What is DOC for paragonimiasis?
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praziquantel
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What helminth causes epigastric pain, vomitting, diarrhea, and can travel to the brain, but is most of the time asymptomatic?
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Taenia solium and saginata
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What is dx stage of taeniasis?
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eggs or gravid proglottids
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What is cysticercosis?
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when Taenia solium is ingested and then cysticerci develop in muscle tissue
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What is tx for Taenia?
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niclosamide for adult worms and praziquantel for cysticercosis
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What helminth causes B12 def'y?
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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What is dx stage of diphyllbothrium?
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eggs
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What is tx of diphyllobothriasis?
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prazaquantel
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What helminth causes hypersensitivity and toxic shock due to rupture of fluid in cyst?
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Echinococcus granulosus
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What are most common sites for echinococcosis?
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liver (billiary rupture), lungs (cough, dyspnea)
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How is echinococcosis dx?
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radiograph for cysts, ELISA for Ab
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What is tx for echinococcosis?
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surgery to remove cysts, albendazole
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