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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T/F: 2-3% change in overall fluid and electrolyte balance would result in diarrhea.
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T.
But most diarrheas are caused by a combination of rapid intestinal, increased intestinal secretion, and impaired absorption. |
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Things that are absorbed in the duodenum.
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- AA
- iron - mono-, di-saccaharides |
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Things that are absorbed in the proximal jejunum.
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- calcium
- iron - folate - magnesium - sodium - free fatty acid - water |
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Things that are absorbed in the distal ileum.
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- B12, IF
- fat soluble vitamines - magnesium - bile acids |
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How much calories are in 1 gram of fat?
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9 kcal/gm
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What is the precursor molecule of vitamin D?
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7-dehydrocholesterol
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What are the two essentail fatty acids?
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- linoleic acid (C18:2w6)
- linolenic acid (C18:3w3) |
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What is this essential free fatty acid?
- predominantly in vegetable oil - prevent infantile dermatitis |
- linoleic acid (C18:2w6)
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What is this essential free fatty acid?
- found in corn, peanut, soybean oils, fish oils - essentail for normal growth, development, resistance to infection in children - prevent heart disease, high BP |
- linolenic acid (C18:3w3)
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What percentage drop in fat absorption would result in steatorrhea?
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10-25%
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Where is calcium absorbed in the intestine?
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proximal jejunum
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Why are some obese people vitamin D deficient?
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functional deficiency due to storage in adipose tissue
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Why is repletion with over the counter multivitamins ineffective and not recommended to treat vitamin D deficiency?
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concomitant vitamin A excess
- should give cholecalciferol |
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What is this electrolyte?
- antagonize calcium - cofactor for calcium absorption - low level blunts PTH release |
magnesium
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What is this vitamin?
- in dark leafy greens, carrots - low level lead to xerophthalmia, night blindness |
vitamin A
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Which is the better form for vitamin A supplement? retinol or beta-carotene?
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beta-carotene: water soluble, less toxicity
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Where is thiamin absorbed?
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proximal small intestine
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What is this vitamin?
- not stored in the body - required for nervous system, CV system, GI and muscular system - low level lead to 3rd, 6th nerve palsy, stocking and glove neuropathy, ataxia, nystagmus. |
B1 (thiamin)
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#1 cause of death in US?
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smoking
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#2 cause of death in US?
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obesity
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What intervention?
- BMI between 25 and 30 |
- increase activity
- decrease caloric intake |
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What intervention?
- BMI between 30-35 |
- caloric restriction
- treatment |
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What intervention?
- BMI > 35 |
- consider surgery
* cutoff for surgery is BMI > 40 |
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T/F: Weight loss drugs should never be used without concomitant lifestyle modifications.
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T
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What qualifies a obese person for weight loss surgery?
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- BMI > 35 with comorbidities
- all other methods have failed - required psycological evaluation |
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What are the three types of weight loss surgery? which one is the most common?
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- restrictive: reduce the size of the stomach
- malabsorptive: bypass small intestine - combination of the two (most common) |
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What are some types of restricitve weight loss surgery?
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- lap band: adjustable
- gastric sleeve: not reversible |
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Name a weight loss surgery that is both restrictive and malabsorptive.
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gastric bypass surgery
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What is post surgical diet for patient undergoes weight loss surgery?
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- clear fluids: no sugar, no carb, no caffeine
- advance to full liquids - solid foods: 60 grams daily goal is to stay hydrated, protect lean mass, vitamin and mineral supplements |
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What some post surgical complications for patient undergoes weight loss surgery?
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- nausea, vomit -> thiamin deficiency
- epigatric pain and GE reflux - diarrhea and cramping: jejunum can absorb sugar - dumping syndrome - fat malabsorption -> vitamine A and D deficiency - renal oxalate stones: ca bound to unabsorbed fat, absorption of unbound oxalate - osteomlasia and osteoporosis: PTH elevated due to vit D deficiency |
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What is post surgical diet for patient undergoes weight loss surgery?
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- clear fluids: no sugar, no carb, no caffeine
- advance to full liquids - solid foods: 60 grams daily goal is to stay hydrated, protect lean mass, vitamin and mineral supplements |
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What some post surgical complications for patient undergoes weight loss surgery?
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- nausea, vomit -> thiamin deficiency
- epigatric pain and GE reflux - diarrhea and cramping: jejunum can absorb sugar - dumping syndrome - fat malabsorption -> vitamine A and D deficiency - renal oxalate stones: ca bound to unabsorbed fat, absorption of unbound oxalate - osteomlasia and osteoporosis: PTH elevated due to vit D deficiency |
