Gi Motility Drugs

Front 1

What is gastroparesis?

Back 1

Delayed gastric emptying associated with bloating, upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting

Front 2

What is sometimes the cause of gastroparesis?

Back 2

Diabetic neuropathy

Front 3

When is pharmaceutical treatment for diarrhea indicated?

In what case is it not indicated?

Back 3

Persistent and significant symptoms

Should be avoided if etiology is infectious pathogen

Front 4

What is the MoA of Loperamide? (2)

Back 4

Opioid µ-agonist: inhibits small bowel contractility

Opioid ∂-agonist: inhibits intestinal secretions

Front 5

Why does loperamide not have CNS effects?

Back 5

Rapid efflux by p-glycoprotein

Front 6

What bacteria is in probiotics for recolonizing gut bacteria?

Back 6

Lactobacillus

Front 7

In what cases are probiotics helpful? (2)

Back 7

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and infectious diarrhea

Front 8

What are three drug types for evacuating bowels?

What does each mean?

Back 8

- Laxative: fecal softening

- Cathartic: makes feces semifluid

- Purgative: makes feces watery

Front 9

What is the best laxative?

Back 9

Fiber

Front 10

Between soluble and insoluble, which fiber yields the best results?

Back 10

Insoluble

Front 11

What are 2 forms of fiber?

Back 11

- Bran

- Psyllium husk

Front 12

Name two non-digestible sugars or alcohols.

Back 12

- Lactulose

- Polyethylene glycol

Front 13

What monosaccharides make up lactulose?

Back 13

Galactose and Fructose

Front 14

What is stool softener made of?

Back 14

Mineral oil

Front 15

Is mineral oil absorbed?

Back 15

No

Front 16

What precaution must be taken for mineral oil and the other osmotic agents?

Back 16

Use <2x a week

Front 17

How do cathartics work?

Back 17

Reduce mixing movements and increase peristaltic movements as well as increase water in stool

Front 18

Name 5 cathartics.

Back 18

- Bisacodyl

- Senna

- Saline laxatives

- Magnesium sulfate

- Sodium phosphate

Front 19

In which patients would saline laxatives be contraindicated? (3)

Back 19

Patients with:

- renal insufficiency

- cardiac disease

- electrolyte abnormalities

Front 20

Name two purgatives.

Back 20

- Polyethylene glycol with electrolytes

- Castor Oil

Front 21

What neurotransmitters have an excitatory effect on the GI tract? (2)

Back 21

- ACh

- SE

Front 22

What neurotransmitter has an inhibitory effect on the GI tract?

Back 22

DA (specifically at the D2 receptor)

Front 23

What is the MoA of metoclopramide?

Back 23

- SE agonist (5HT4)

- D2 antagonist

Front 24

On what part of the GI does metoclopramide not act?

Back 24

The colon

Front 25

What is metoclopramide indicated for?

Back 25

Gastroparesis

Front 26

What are metoclopramide's adverse effects? (3)

Back 26

- Dystonia

- Tardive dyskinesia

- Galactorrhea

Front 27

What is metoclopramide's contraindication?

Back 27

Coadministration with antipsychotics

Front 28

Which antibiotic is used as a prokinetic?

What is its MoA?

Back 28

Erythromycin

Stimulates motilin receptors

Front 29

What is the mechanism of action of lubiprostone?

Back 29

It is a prostaglandin E analog that binds to EP4 receptor, which activates Cl- channels in the small intestines and causes secretion into the lumen

Front 30

What is the MoA of Linacolide?

Back 30

guanylate cyclase C agonist, which increase Cl- secretion

Front 31

What is the MoA of misoprostol?

Back 31

Acts on EP3 receptor to inhibit cAMP & inhibits the proton pump that secretes gastric secretions and intestinal

Front 32

Which antiemetic treats emesis by acting as an M antagonist?

Back 32

Scopolamine

Front 33

Which antiemetics are H1 antagonists? (2)

Back 33

- Diphenhydramine

- Promethazine

Front 34

What 4 drugs are indicated to treat emesis due to cancer therapy?

Back 34

- Scopolamine

- Aprepitant

- Dronabinol

- Metoclopramide

Front 35

What is the MoA of ondansetron?

Back 35

SE antagonist

Front 36

What is the MoA of aprepitant?

Back 36

NK1 antagonist

Front 37

Name a drug that acts on THC receptors.

(besides weed)

Back 37

Dronabinol

Front 38

What drugs can be adjuncts to antiemetics? (2)

Back 38

- Corticosteroids (like dexamethasone)

- Benzodiazepines

Front 39

What are the adverse effects of scopolamine, diphenhydramine, and promethazine? (4)

Back 39

- Sedation

- Visual disturbance

- Parkinsonism

- distal vasospasm (promethazine only)

Front 40

What are the adverse effects of ondansetron? (2)

Back 40

- Diarrhea

- Headache

Front 41

What are the adverse effects of Aprepitant? (3)

Back 41

- Fatigue

- Dizziness

- Diarrhea

Front 42

What are the adverse effects of THC? (6)

Back 42

- Drowsiness

- Ataxia

- Hyperphagia

- Disorientation

- Anxiety

- Psychosis