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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vitamin A:
F S P C |
fxn: vision embryo develompent
stored in liver, years Predisp: fat malabsorption poor diet smoking C: follicular hyperkeratosis, dry skin, night blind, |
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do pts normally have one def or many?
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many, usually a constellation
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Vitamin A
Treat Lab Tox |
tx: high doses 20,000
lab:maybe check retinol? tox: dry skin, hair loss headaches, liver injury, predis to fractures too much beta carotene can turn you oraneg: white sclera |
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Thiamin B1
F S P C |
fxn: coenzyme in decarboxylation and transketolation rxn (necessary for glucose metabolism
store: very little, def rapidly predis: alcoholics, poor diet, gastric bypass clinical: wet beriberi: cardiomeg, tachy HOCHF dry beriberi: periph neuropathy WKS- disorented opthalmoplegia |
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what is opthalmoplegia? what def is it assoc with?
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eyes not moving same way: Thiamin (B1)
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Thiamin
Tx Lab Tox |
tx: large doses first IV then orally for long time
lab: usuallly treat empirically tox: no tox |
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pyridoxine (B6)
F S P C |
Fxn: AAmetabolism (transamination)
store: water solubel, no storage predisp: drug interactions, INH Clinical: neruopathy, dermatitis, microcytic anemia, slick tongue, craking of lips (non specific) |
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what can cause glositis and cheilitis?
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pyroxidine def, riboflavin def, etc
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what are some symptoms of glossitis?
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loss of papillae, painful to drink liquids
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what vitamin def can lead to oculo orogenital syndrome?
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B2 and B6
riboflavin and pyroxidine |
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pyroxidine B6
Tx Lab Tox |
Tx large doeses orally
Lab:treated empirically tox:high levels, long time: neuropathy |
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folic acid B9
F S P C |
fxn: methylation related to purine choline and serine, DNA and RNA methylation
Store: some in liver, months before def Predisp: poor diet, intestinal malabsorp, preggers, smoking, anitfolates (methotrexate) Clinic: macrocytic anemia, low WBC, low platelets, glossits, stomatitis, neural tube defects |
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folic acid B9
tx lab |
tx: easy, RA on methotrexate, 1mg day
lab: plasma folate and RBC folate |
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what should women w/ child bearing potential take?
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400micrograms of folic acid B9 per day
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what do you assay for when giving folate? why?
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B12 bc metabolisms overlap; giving folate could mask cerebellar signs of B12 def
macrocytic anemia occur in both |
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Vitamin B12
F S P C |
Fxn: methmaolny CoA to succinyl CoA metabolism, related to methionine metabolism (overlap with folate)
S: large, found in animal products predisp: pernicious anemia, gastric bypass, vegan, clinic: macrocytic anemia, sotmatitis, glossitis, proprioception problems (cerebro spinal atrophy) |
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unsteady gait, poor proprioception, cant feel vibrations
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vitamin B12 def,
cerebral spinal atrophy |
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Vitamin B12
tx lab |
tx: large doses orally, IF also needd injection if absorption problems
lab: serum mthymalonic acid |
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Iron
F S P C |
Fxn: oxygen transport, electron transport
store: bone marrow, liver, spleen, months p: children babies women gastrectomies, gastic bypass C: pale conjunctiva and nail beds,glossitits, microytic anemia, tachy cardia |
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what can cause microcytic anemia?
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iron and pyridoxine def
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iron
tx lab tox |
tx: long erm iron supplement determine cause, vita C helps with non heme absorption, give with foods to help abosrpiotn
lab: serumiron, ferritin tox: iron overload, hemochormatosis, hemosiderous |
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Vitamin C
F S P C |
fxn: collagen synthesis, bone metabolism, hydroxylation of proline and lysine
Store: low water solubel predis: lack of fruits, veggies, smokin, stress, clinic: scurvy, follicular hyperkeratosis, corkscrew hairs, perifollicular petichiae, bleeding gums, sheet hemmorhage Emergency!! |
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what can cause follicular hyperkeratosis?
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vitamin C or Vitamin A def vita A excess
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why can vitamin c def cause perifollicular petechiae?
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bc its realted to abnoraml collagen metabolism
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vitamin C
tx lab tox |
tx: large doses iv and oral
lab:assay, but oxidizes quickly tox: diarrhea, incre uric aci secrioin, inerfere with stool blood tests, not many problems |
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Zince
F S P C |
Fxn:oles in the metabolism of RNA and DNA, signal transduction, and gene expression. It also regulates apoptosis
S:none P: stessed populations, clinic: growth retard, hypogonad, ppor smell, taste, poor wound heal (ulcers), |
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Zince
tox |
Tox: iron/copper def
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Niacin B3
Fxn s P C |
fxn: component of NADP to NADPH
stores: little pred: poor diet,no tryptophan clinic: pellagra: 4 Ds |
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hyper/ hypo pigmentatin
likely have other def 4Ds |
pellagra (niacin B3 def)
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Niacin B3
tx lab tox |
tx: oral of iv
lab: available, too long dx clinically tox: flushing, liver injury |
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Vitamin D
F S C P |
F: absorb calcium and phosphorus
S: some, mde in ksin w/ sun exposure P: lack of sunligh w/o supplementain, common C: rickets, osteomalacia, osteporosis |
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Vitamin D
lab |
lab:25 hydroxy D, 1,25 hydroxy D good for renal pts (2nd hydrox is done in kidneys)
sit to stand test (use arms, def) |
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Vitamin E
F S P C |
f: anitoxidant
s: liver and cell membranes p: fast malabsorption cliinc: constellaiton |
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Vitamin E
tx lab tox |
tx: large doses
lab: serum tocopherol levels tox: non, concern with high doses |
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vitamin K
F S P C |
F: clotting pathway factors 2, 7, 9, 10
store: made in instesitn by bacteria, absorption? predisp: braod spec abx, inadequate diet, interaction w/ warfarin clinic: increase PT, ecchymoses (bruising) |
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Vitamin K
tx lab Tox |
tx: large doese Iv or IM, can b give PO
lab:: tox: little |
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Selenium
f s p c |
fxn: antioxidant micronutrient
s: little, get from veggies, soil p: pts w/ long term iv nutrion and malabsop clinic: carimypomathy (keshan disease) incrased cancer rates |
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selenium
tx lab tox |
tx: 200-400 micrograms day
lab: serum or whole blood tox: hair loss brittle finger nails, fatigue, irritability |