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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H. pylori shape?
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Curved/spiral
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H. pylori motility?
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corkscrew
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How diag H. pylori?
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urease breath test
antibody test bx if necessary |
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Tx for H. pylori?
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combo of 2 or more drugs: bismuth + metro + tetra and PPI
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ETEC attaches in SI to what via what microbial structure?
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pilli
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ETEC's toxic effect mediated by?
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enterotoxins
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MOA of ETEC's enterotoxins?
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promote cl- excretion and prevent Na absorbtion BY INCREASING c'G'MP
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ETEC's ST increases cGMP or cAMP?
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cGMP
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Tx ETEC?
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fluids and ab's (widespread resistance so try a few)
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Rotavirus appearance?
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spokes radiating from center of wheel
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How many rotavirus groups and which is most imp for human outbreaks?
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7 (A-G) and A is most imp
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Transmission of rotavirus?
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fecal-oral
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Incubation time for rotavirus?
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48 hrs
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What symptoms w/ rotavirus in kids < 2 yrs old?
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Severe diarrhea
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Appearance of intestinal mucosa after rotavirus? (3 things)
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infected cells destroyed
atrophy of villi flattened appearence = (decreased absorption) |
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Why can rotavirus reach SI?
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resistant to stomach pH
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Method of diag for rotavirus?
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ELISA
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Tx of rotavirus?
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Electrolyte/fluid replacement
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Norovirus replicates where?
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GI tract (shed in stool)
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Transmission of Norovirus?
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Fecal-oral
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Clinical presentation of Norovirus?
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Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
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How long does Noroviurs last?
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24-48 hours - self-limited
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Norovirus Dx and TX
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ELISA and fluid/electrolytes if needed
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How many flagella in Cholera
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one, polar = rapid movement
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O2 requrements of V. cholera?
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Facultative anaerobe
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Name the 2 subdivisions of V. cholera?
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Classic and El Tor!
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What is special about El Tor?
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Able to survive in H20 longer and has hemolysins. It also has longer carriage rates.
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What food has cholera?
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Seafood (undercooked) from contaminated water supply
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What allows cholera to adhere to SI wall?
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Adhesion factors
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What type of treatment would increase cholera's ability to infect?
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Tx's that reduce gastric acid.
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What do ETEC and V. cholera have in common?
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enterotoxin (non-invasive)
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Appearance of cholera stools?
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rice-water
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Incubation time for V. cholera?
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Hours-days
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Tx for V. cholera?
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Electrolyte/fluid replacement and tetra.
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Name 3 bugs that cause food poisoning?
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Staph aureus, B. Cereus, C. perfrengens.
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What about Staph. aureus causes food poisoning?
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a toxin
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What does Staph. aureus' toxin do in the stomach that induces vomiting?
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binds to neuronal receptors which stimulate the vomiting center (thank goodness)
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Onset of symptoms for S. aureus?
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1-6 hours (for me, 1 hour)
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How many different S. aureus toxins are there and which two are most commonly associated w/ food poisoning?
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8. A is most common, then D
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Are S. aureus toxins heat stabile or labile?
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Stabile (st)
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How susceptible are S. aureus' toxins to enzymes in stomach?
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Not susceptible
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Do S. aureus toxins behave like normal antigens?
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No. they behave like superantigens (bind MHCII and activate T cells)
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How will heating of food affect S. aureus?
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Kill bug but not toxin
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Anything unique about type of food commonly containing S. aureus?
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Yes. Protien rich i.e. egg salad, cream pastry
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Tx for S. aureus (food poisoning)
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Penicillin or vanco. (vanco? geez. I usually wind up heaving my guts out)
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B. Ceres causes food poisoning by what mechanism?
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toxin
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Onset of symptoms w/ B. cereus: if toxin ingestd or if bug ingested?
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Toxin: 1-6 hrs (same as staph)
Bug: 8-16 hours |
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What will ingestion of Bacillus cereus toxin/bug cause?
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Toxin: vomiting
Bug: diarrhea |
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Tx for Bacillus cereus?
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Vancomycin or Imepinem, quinolone, Clindamycin
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B. cereus Gram - or +?
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+
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Onset of food poisoning symptoms w/ C. perfringens?
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8-16 hours
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C. perfringens G-/+?
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+
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In what part of GI do C. perfringens produce their nasty enterotoxin?
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LI
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In what way does C. perfringens enterotoxin exert its nasty effect on GI?
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Inhibit glucose transport and damage of intestinal ep results in fluid loss.
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C. perfringens 02 req's?
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Anaerobic
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What are the two types of C. perfringens and which one commonly causes food poisoning?
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Types A and B. Type A is more common.
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Shigella G-/+?
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-
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O2 req's for Shig?
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Aerobic
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Shigella requires high/low dose for infectivity?
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Low
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How many Shig serotypes?
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4 (A-D)
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Shig cause bacteremia or not?
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Not
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Which serotype of Shig is common in U.S.?
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Type D
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Appearance of diarrhea w/ Shig?
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Blood, mucus
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Dx for Shig?
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Stool culture (SSYC)
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What ab to use on Shig?
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Quinolones (when infection is severe)
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Which cells does Salmonella use to invade SI?
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M cells.
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Salmonella activate cGMP or cAMP?
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cAMP
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