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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anaerobe
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an organism that can live in the absence of oxygen
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calcivirus
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a group of single-stranded RNA viruses associated with gastroenteritis
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campylobacter
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a genus of bacteria that is a major cause of food-borne illness in humans
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cholera
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an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration and depletion of electrolytes
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cholera toxin
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a protein complex secreted by the bacterium vibrio cholerae which is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera (i.e. an enterotoxin)
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clostridium botulinum
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a bacterium that produces neurotoxins which can cause paralysis.
infection can be food-borne in improperly canned food or through wounds |
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colitis
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inflammation of the mucosa of the colon
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cryptosporidium
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a genus of protozoan parasites that infects the intestinal tract.
generally causes a self-limiting watery diarrhea that can be life-threatening in immunocompromised persons |
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diarrhea
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an excessive number of liquid or loose stools, generally more than 3 per day
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dysentery
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severe diarrhea with watery stools and cramping containing blood, mucus and/or pus
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E. coli O157:H7
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a specific serotype of the bacterium eschericia coli which often leads to hemorrhagic diarrhea and occasionally to kidney failure, especially in young children and elderly persons
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entamoeba histolytica
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a human protozoan parasite of the colon that can cause an invasive disease resulting in dysentery and colitis or spread to other organs such as the liver
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entero-colitis
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inflammation of the mucosa of the intestines and colon
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escherichia coli
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a bacterium that normally resides in the human colon
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exotoxin
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a toxin produced by a microorganism and secreted into the environment
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food poisoning
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a general term for health problems arising from eating contaminated food
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food-borne
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referring to infectious or toxic agents acquired by ingesting contaminated food
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gastro-enteritis
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inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach and intestines
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giardia
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the genus of a common protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine that can cause diarrhea and other intestinal symptoms
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HUS hemolytic uremic syndrome
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a rare condition generally caused by infection with toxic strains of bacteria (75% due to E. coli O157:H7) characterized by destruction of red blood cells, damage to the lining of blood vessel walls & in severe cases, kidney failure
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incubation period
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the amount of time between the start of an infection and the appearance of symptoms
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inflammatory diarrhea
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a diarrhea associated with pathogen invasion of the intestinal mucosa characterized by dysentery
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ORT oral rehydration therapy
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treatment for diarrhea-related dehydration in which an electrolyte solution containing fluids and vital salts is administered.
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probiotic
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a dietary supplement containing live bacteria or yeast that supplements normal gastrointestinal flora, given especially after depletion of flora caused by infection or ingestion of an antibiotic drug
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reservoir
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the long-term or natural host of a pathogen
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salmonella
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a genus of bacteria which includes many pathogenic species, causing food poisoning, typhoid and paratyphoid fever in humans and other infectious diseases in domestic animals
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secretory diarrhea
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a watery diarrhea generally caused by bacterial toxins
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shigella
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a genus of bacteria that cause dysentery in animals and especially in humans
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staphylococcus aureus
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a bacterium (aka staph) frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a healthy person that can cause illnesses ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening infections involving many different organs
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typhoid fever
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an acute, highly infectious disease caused by salmonella typhi and primarily transmitted by contaminated food or water
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water-borne
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referring to infectious or toxic agents acquired by ingesting contaminated water
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