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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What cells secrete gastrin?
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G cells in the antrum of the stomach
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What does gastrin do?
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Increase gastric H+ secretion, increase growth of gastric mucosa, increase gastric motility
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What can stimulate gastrin release?
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Phenylalanine, tryptophan, GRP, hypercalcemia (get peptic ulcers with hyperparathyroidism), stomach distention, alkalinization, amino acids, peptides, vagal stimulation
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What is related to gastrin pathology?
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Zolliner-ellison syndrome- greatly increased gastrin and there is a triad of increased gastric acid, peptic ulcers, and diarrhea that is unresponsive to typical treatment.
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What secretes CCK?
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I cells in the duodenum and jejunum
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What does CCK do?
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Increases pancreatic secretion (via neural muscarinic pathways), increases gallbladder contraction, decreases gastric emptying via sphincter of Oddi relaxation
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What stimulates CCK release?
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Fatty acids, amino acids
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What does secretin do?
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Increase pancreatic HCO3 secretion (neutralize the gastric acid in the duodenum so that pancreatic enzymes can function), decrease gastric acid secretion, increase bile secretion
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What stimulates secretin?
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Fatty acids in the lumen of the duodenum, acid
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What secretes secretin?
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S cells in the duodenum
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What secretes somatostatin?
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D cells in the pancreas, stomach, GI mucosa
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What does somatostatin do?
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Decrease gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion, decrease pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion, decrease gallbladder contraction, decrease insulin and glucagon release.
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What stimulates somatostatin release?
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Increased acid, vagal stimulation
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What does GIP do?
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Decreases gastric acid release (exocrine), increases insulin release (endocrine- this is why an oral glucose load is used more rapidly than an IV load)
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What secretes GIP?
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K cells in the duodenum and jejunum
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What is the source of VIP?
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Secreted by the parasympathetic ganglia in the sphincters, gallbladder, and small intestine. Also, pancreatic islet cells
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What does VIP do?
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Increase intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters. Also increases pancreatic HCO3 and Cl secretion and decreases gastric acid
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What is the source of motilin?
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Small intestine for MMCs
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What stimulates motilin release?
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Fasting state
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What stimulates VIP release?
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Distention and vagal stimulation
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