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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gastrin source
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G cells (antrum of stomach) as well as duod and jejun
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Gastrin action
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inc gastric H+ secretion
inc groth of gastric mucosa inc gastric motility inc blood flow to intestines |
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Gastrin regulation
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inc by stomach distention, amino acids, peptides, vagal stim.
dec by stomach pH < 1.5, and IF |
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Gastrin
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increased in ZE syndrome
phenylalanine and tryptophan are potent stimulators |
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cholecystokinin source
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I cells in duod and jejun
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cholecystokinin action
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inc panc secretions
inc gallbladder contraction dec gastric emptying stimulates satiety centers in brain |
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cholecystokinin regulation
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inc by fatty acids and amino acids
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cholecystokinin notes: cholelithiasis
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in cholelithiasis, pain worsens after fatty food ingestion due to inc this hormone
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Secretin source
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s cells in duod
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secretin action
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inc panc HCO3 secretion
inc bile secretion dec gastric acid secretion |
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secretin regulation
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inc by acid and fatty acid in the duod
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secretin notes
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indirectly neutralizes gastric acid in duod, allowing pancreatic enzymes to function
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Potentiation of pancreatic HCO3 secretion
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CCK and Secretin
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somatostatin source
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d cells in panc, and gi mucosa
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somatostatin action
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dec gastric acid and pepsinofen secretion
dec pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion dec gallbladder contraction dec insulin and glucagon release |
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somatostatin regulation
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inc by acid
dec by vagal stimulation |
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somatostatin notes
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antigrowth hormone effects (digestion and absorption of substances needed for growth).
Used to treat VIPoma and carcinoid tumor |
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (aka gastric inhibitory peptide, aka GIP) source
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K cells in duod and jejun
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (aka gastric inhibitory peptide, aka GIP) action
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exocrine: dec gastric H+ secretion
endocrine: inc insulin release |
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (aka gastric inhibitory peptide, aka GIP) regulation
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inc by all three foodstuffs (protein, carbs, and fat)
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (aka gastric inhibitory peptide, aka GIP) notes
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an oral glucose load is used more rapidly given orally than given IV due to the action of this hormone
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vasoactive peptide: source
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parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, SI
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vasoactive peptide: action
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inc intestinal water and electrolyte secretion
relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters |
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vasoactive peptide regulation
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inc by distention and vagal stim
dec by adrenergic input |
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vasoactive peptide notes
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hormone secreting tumor- nonalpha, nonbeta islet cell pancreatic tumor. Causes Copious diarrhea
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Nitric Oxide: source
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endothelium
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Nitric Oxide action
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inc smooth muscle relaxation, including LES
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Nitric Oxide notes
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loss of this hormone is implicated in inc LES tone (ex. achalasia)
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Motilin source
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small intest
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motilin action
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produces migrating motor complexes (MMCs)
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motilin regulation
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inc in fasting state
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ghrelin source
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P/D1 cells of stomach
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ghrelin action
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inc GH, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin secretion
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ghrelin regulation
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inc before meals
dec after meals |
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ghrelin notes
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regulates hunger, meal initiation, lossed w. gastic bypass
associated w/ hyperphagia and prader willi |
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Intrinsic Factor source
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parietal cells in stomach
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intrinsic factor action
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Vb12 binding protein required for uptake in term ileum
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Intrinsic factor notes
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it inhibits gastrin secretion; lack of it --> inc gastrin --> inc H+ -->chronic gastritis
autoimmune destruction of parietal cells --> chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia |
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IF and gastric acid source
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parietal cells of stomach
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gastric acid action
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decrease stomach pH
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gastric acid regulation
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inc by histamine, ACh, gastrin
dec by somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandins, secretin |
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gastric acid notes
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a hormone secreting tumor causes continuous high levels of acid secretion and ulcers
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Pepsin source
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chief cells in stomach
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pepsin action
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protein digestion
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pepsin regulation
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inc by vagal stimulation, local acid
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pepsin notes
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inactive proenzyme --> active enzyme by H+
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HCO3 source
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mucosal cells of stomach (and panc and saliva), brunners glands of duod
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HCO3 action
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neutralize acid
prevent autodigestion |
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HCO3 regulation
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inc by secretin --> inc pancreatic and biliary secretion of this hormone
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HCO3 notes
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it is trapped in mucus that covers the gastric epithelium
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