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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gastrin |
1. G cells (antrum of stomach)
2. ↑ gastric H+ secretion, ↑ growth of gastric mucosa, ↑ gastric motility 3. ↑ by stomach distension, amino acids, peptides, vagal stimulation, ↓ by stomach pH < 1.5 4. ↑↑ in Z-E, phenylalanine/tryptophan are potent stimulators |
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Cholecystokinin (CCK)
(Source, Action, Regulation, Notes) |
1. I cells (duodenum, jejunum)
2. ↑ pancreatic secretion, ↑ gallbladder contraction, ↓ gastric emptying 3. ↑ by fatty acids, amino acids 4. In cholelithiasis, pain worsens after fatty food ingestion due to ↑ CCK |
|
Secretin |
1. S cells (duodenum)
2. ↑ pancreatic HCO3- secretion, ↑ bile secretion, ↓ gastric acid secretion 3. ↑ by acid, fatty acids in lumen of duodenum 4. ↑ HCO3- neutralizes gastric acid in duodenum, allowing ancreatic enzymes to function |
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Somatostatin
(Source, Action, Regulation, Notes) |
1. D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa) |
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
(Source, Action, Regulation, Notes) |
1. K cells (duodenum, jejunum) |
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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
(Source, Action, Regulation, Notes) |
1. Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine |
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Nitric Oxide
(Action, Notes) |
1. ↑ smooth muscle relaxation, including LES
2. Loss of NO secretion is implicated in ↑ LES tone of achalasia |
|
Motilin
(Source, Action, Regulation) |
1. Small Intestine |
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Ghrelin
(Source, Action, Regulation) |
1. P/D1 cells (stomach) |
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Intrinsic Factor
(Source, Action, Notes) |
1. Parietal cells (stomach) |
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Gastric Acid
(Source, Action, Regulation, Notes) |
1. Parietal cells (stomach)
2. ↓ stomach pH 3. ↑ by histamine, ACh, gastrin, ↓ by somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin, secretin 4. Gastrinoma: gastrin-secreting tumor that causes continuous high levels of acid secretion and ulcers |
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Pepsin
(Source, Action, Regulation, Notes) |
1. Chief cells (stomach)
2. Protein digestion 3. ↑ by vagal stimulation, local acid 4. Inactive pepsinogen >> pepsin by H+ |
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HCO3-
(Source, Action, Regulation, Notes) |
1. Mucosal cells (stomach, duod, salivary glands, pancreas) and Brunner's glands (duod) |