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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gastrin: source, action, regulation
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G cells (antrum of stomach)
Increase gastric H secretion Increase growth of gastric mucosa Increase gastric mobility Stimulated by: -Stomach distention -Alkalinization -Amino acids and peptides -Vagal stimulation Inhibited by: -Stomach pH <1.5 |
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CCK: source, action, regulation
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I cells (duodenum, jejunum)
Homologous to gastrin Second messenger is IP3 Increase pancreatic secretion Increase growth of exocrine pancreas Increase gallbladder contraction Increase sphincter of Oddi relaxation Decrease gastric emptying Stimulated by: -Fatty acids -Amino acids |
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Secretin: source, action, regulation
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S cells (duodenum)
Second messenger is cAMP Increase pancreatic HCO3 secretion Increase growth of exocrine pancreas Increase bile secretion Decrease gastric acid secretion Stimulated by: -Increased acid and fatty acids in lumen of duodenum |
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Somatostatin: source, action, regulation
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D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
Decrease gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion Decrease pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion Decrease gallbladder contraction Decrease insulin and glucagon release Stimulated by: -Increased acid Inhibited by: -Decreased vagal stimulation |
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GIP: source, action, regulation
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K cells (duodenum, jejunum)
Exocrine: -Decrease gastric H secretion Endocrine: -Increase insulin release Stimulated by: -Fatty acids -Amino acids -Oral glucose |
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VIP: source, action, regulation
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Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine
Increase intestinal water and electrolyte secretion Increase relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters Stimulated by: -Distention -Vagal stimulation Inhibited by: -Adrenergic input VIPoma: copious diarrhea |
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NO: action
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Increase smooth muscle relaxation including lower esophageal sphincter
-Loss of NO implicated in achalasia |
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Motilin: source, action, regulation
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Small intestine
Produces migratory motor complexes Stimulated in fasting state |
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Intrinsic factor: source, action
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Parietal cells (stomach)
Vitamin B12 binding protein (required for uptake of B12 in terminal ileum) |
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Gastric acid: source, action, regulation
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Parietal cells (stomach)
Decrease stomach pH Stimulated by: -Histamine -ACh -Gastrin Inhibited by: -GIP -Prostaglandin -Secretin |
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Pepsin: source, action, regulation
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Chief cells (stomach)
Protein digestion Stimulated by: -Vagal stimulation -Local acid |
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HCO3: source, action, regulation
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Mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, salivary glands, pancreas) and Brunner's glands
Neutralizes action Stimulated by: -Increased pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin |
