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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do normal host and gut flora communicate?
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pattern recognition receptors: commensal flora produce sequences of protein that are recognized by immune system
without communication, commensal bacteria may invade or immune system will attack |
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when does normal gut flora appear?
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colonization begins immediately after birth
premature babies or sick newborns who are hospitalized and/or put on antibiotics may have difficulty developing normal gut flora |
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what happens without normal gut flora?
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susceptible to infection
reduced mucosal immune system (smaller Peyer's patches, immunoglobulin levels) decreased angiogenesis, barrier function |
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what are the protective functions of normal gut flora?
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pathogen displacement
nutrient and receptor competition with pathogens production of anti-microbial factors to prevent pathogen colonization |
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what are the structural functions of normal gut flora?
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barrier fortification of the lumenal surface
induction of IgA causes apical tightening of tight junctions immune system development |
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what are the metabolic functions of normal gut flora?
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control intestinal epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation
metabolize dietary carcinogens synthesize vitamins (K, biotin, folate) ferment non-digestible dietary residue and endogenous epithelial derived mucus ion absorption salvage of energy |
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what can disrupt the symbiotic relationship between host and gut flora?
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antibiotics
pathogens immunocompromise autoimmune cancer / anatomical distortion |
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how can antibiotics affect the gut?
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disrupt the ecosystem --> overgrowth --> toxin production --> diarrhea
potential consequeces: diarrhea, fever, sepsis, dehydration, abdominal pain, malabsorption, malnutrition, etc. |
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C dfficile infection is a ___ colitis
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Pan colitis / pseudomembranous colitis
pathology: see necrosis and yellow-colored exudate covering the mucosa surface of the colon |
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C difficile is associated with use of:
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frequently:
ampicillin, amoxicillin clindamycin cephalosporins quinolones (fluoroquinolone) infrequently: tetracyclines, sulfonamides, erythromycine essentially almost all antibiotics |
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what is the treatment for c diff?
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metronidazole or vancomycin by mouth
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what are some ways other than culture to detect bacteria?
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16s hybridization
fluorescence in stu hybridization gene chips / microarrays |
