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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a gastric polyp?
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Any nodule or mass that projects above the level of surrounding mucosa
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What is the only neoplastic polyp?
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Adenoma
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What are hyperplastic polyps?
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Polyps of surface epithelium
Most common in the antrum Cystically dilated GLANDULAR TISSUE |
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What is a fundic gland polyp?
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Cystic dilatation of the glands in the oxyntic mucosa
Can occur as part of FAP |
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What are hamartomatous polyps?
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Non-neoplastic tumors composed of tissue elements that are normally present
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What are Peutz-Jeghers polyps?
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part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
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What are juvenile polyps?
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Occur as part of juvenile polyposis syndrome
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What are inflammatory fibroid polyps?
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Bulky, submucosal growth composed of inflamed vascularized fibromuscular tissue
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What does an adenoma involve?
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proliferative DYSPLASIA that has a MALIGNANT POTENTIAL
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Where are adenomas usually seen?
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In the antrum, associated with age increase, and associated with chronic GASTRITIS
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True/False: The incidence of gastric cancer has gone down
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TRUE--used to be the leading cause of cancer in the U.S.
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What systems are used to classify carcinomas?
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Lauren system and WHO sustem
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What is the WHO classification of carcinomas?
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Based on histological classification
Epithelium = adenocarcinomas, small cell, carcinoid Non-epithelial = lyeomyoma, schwannoma |
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What is the Lauren system of tumor classification?
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Two main types are INTESTINAL AND DIFFUSE
Intestinal--associated with enviro factors that we know about, more common in men than women, more likely to see microsatellite instability Diffuse = BLOOD TYPE A, more common in women than men, signet ring cells |
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True/False: Diffuse type tumors do not make the stomach any thicker
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TRUE
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True/False: Intestinal tumors make the tissue thicker.
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TRUE
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What are the variants of gastric carcinoma?
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Tubular
Papillary Mucinous Undifferentiated |
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What is the main risk factor for gastric carcinoma?
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Infection by H. pylori, diet, low economic status, SMOKING
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What are some genetic risk factors for gastric carcinoma?
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Increased risk with blood group A
Family history Hereditary colon cancer Familial gastric carcinoma syndrome |
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H. pylori
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Gram neg, motile, catalase positive, oxidase positive
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TRUE/FALSEL: H. pylori increases risk of gastric adenocarcinoma
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TRUE--gastritis, atrophy, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia, carcinoma
But you need both a BACTERIAL INFECTION AND A HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE--reduced acid secretion and reduced pepsin secretion to allow increased bacterial growth, increased epithelial proliferation, and increased risk of genomic mutation |
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What are some accessory lymph nodes where gastric carcinomas like to spread?
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Supraclavicular node
Periumbilical region(subQ nodule) |
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What tumor type often involves ovaries?
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Krukenberg tumors in signet ring cancer
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What is a MALT tumor?
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Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue malignant neoplasm due to a translocation--STRONG association with H. pylori so treat the infection and IT GOES AWAY
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What is GIST?
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Overexpression of c-kit oncogene--derived from interstitial cells of Cajal
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What are carcinoids in the GI tract?
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Tumors of resident neuroendocrine cells
ECL hyperplasia ZE syndrome associated |
