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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meds Used for Ulcers
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ABX
H2 Receptor Blockers Cimetidine/Tagament Proton Inhibitors Anatacids Mucosal Protectants |
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Reason for ABX in treatment of Ulcers
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confirmed infection H. pylori. Two or three antibiotics used together. ABX either distrupt bacteral cell wall or inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
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H2 Receptor Blocker/Cimetidine, Tagamet MOA
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selectively blocks H2 receptors on parietal cell of stomach--> suppresses gastric secretion of gastric acid and reduces its H+ ion concentration.
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H2 Receptor Blocker/Cimetidine, Tagamet IND
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tx of gastric ulcers, 8-12 wks
tx of duodenal ulcer, 4-6 wks prohylaxis of PUD at low doses GERD, heartburn: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: hypersecretion of acid prevent aspiration pneomonitis: given before surgery, to prevent damage to lungs as a result of aspiration. |
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H2 Receptor Blocker/Cimetidine, Tagamet AE
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antiandrogenic effects: decreased libido
GI effects |
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H2 Receptor Blocker/Cimetidine, Tagamet DI
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warfarin, dilantin, theophylline
antacids |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors/Omeprazole, Prilosec MOA
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suppresses acid secretion by inhibiting gastric H and K-ATPase, enzyme that generates gastric acid.
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Proton Pump Inhibitors/Omeprazole, Prilosec IND
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PUD, GERD: short term 4-6 wks
hypersecretory conditions-- long term |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors/Omeprazole, Prilosec AE
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minimal short term with term: GI
long term: may inc risk of gastric cancer |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors/Omeprazole, Prilosec DI
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atazanavir, itraconazole:
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Antacids MOA
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alkaline compounds, neutralize acid and enhance mucosal protection by stimulating prostaglandins.
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Antacids IND
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PUD, GERD
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Antacids TYPES
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magnesium Hydroxide: MOM
aluminum hydroxide/Amphogel magaldrate(mg and al)/Maalox, Mylanta calcium carbonate/Tums sodium bicarbonate |
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Antacids AE
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-constipation
-diarrhea -sodium loading |
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Antacids DI
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-cimetidine
-sucralafate |
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Antacids MOA
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alkaline compounds, neutralize acid and enhance mucosal protection by stimulating prostaglandins.
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Antacids MOA
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alkaline compounds, neutralize acid and enhance mucosal protection by stimulating prostaglandins.
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Antacids IND
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PUD, GERD
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Antacids IND
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PUD, GERD
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Antacids TYPES
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magnesium Hydroxide: MOM
aluminum hydroxide/Amphogel magaldrate(mg and al)/Maalox, Mylanta calcium carbonate/Tums sodium bicarbonate |
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Antacids TYPES
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magnesium Hydroxide: MOM
aluminum hydroxide/Amphogel magaldrate(mg and al)/Maalox, Mylanta calcium carbonate/Tums sodium bicarbonate |
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Antacids AE
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-constipation
-diarrhea -sodium loading |
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Antacids AE
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-constipation
-diarrhea -sodium loading |
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Antacids DI
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-cimetidine
-sucralafate |
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Antacids DI
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-cimetidine
-sucralafate |
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Mucosal Protectants/Sucralfate, Carafate MOA
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protective barrier against acid and pepsin. Forms a gel that sticks to ulcer crater. Effects last fr 6hrs, take on empty stomach.
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Mucosal Protectants/Sucralfate, Carafate IND
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PUD
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Mucosal Protectants/Sucralfate, Carafate AE
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constipation
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Mucosal Protectants/Sucralfate, Carafate DI
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antacids
dilantin, theophylline, digoxin, warfarin |
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Laxatives: Uses
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1. treat or prevent constipation
2. reduce painful elimintation 3. obtain stool sample for analysis 4. facilitate export of dead parasites after tx 5. empty bowel prior to tx, surgery, dx tests 6. remove ingested poisons. 7. reduce straining |
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Laxatives: Precautions/CIs
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1.abdominal pain, nausea, cramps of unknown origin
2. fecal impaction or bowel obstruction 3. habitual tx of constipation |
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Laxatives: Types
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-bulk forming laxatives: Metamucil,citrucel
- surfactant laxatives: ducusate sodium/Colace -stimulant laxative: Dulcolax -osmotic laxatives:magnesium/sodium salts -Miscl: Lactulose, GoLTYTELY |
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Bulk Forming Laxative/Metamucil & Citrucel MOA
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Non-digestible, non-absorbable. Swell in water to form a viscous solution that softens fecal mass and inc its bulk, inc peristalis. Effects in 1-3 days.
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Bulk Forming Laxative/Metamucil & Citrucel IND
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-treat constipation
- IBS, diverticulosis - diarrhea |
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Bulk Forming Laxative/Metamucil & Citrucel AE
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-esophageal obstructions, instestinal obstructions
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Surfactant Laxatives/ducusate sodium/Colace MOA
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stool softener. Alters consitency of stool by lowering surface tension, facilitates entry of water into stool. Also acts on intestinal wall to inhibit fluid absorption and stimulates secretion of water and e-lytes into intestine. Effects in 1-3 days.
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Surfactant Laxatives/ducusate sodium/Colace IND
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constipation, prevent straining
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Surfactant Laxatives/ducusate sodium/Colace AE
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minimal, take with a full glass of water
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Stimulant Laxatives/ Dulcolax MOA
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stimulate motiltity, inc water and e-lytes within intestinal lumen. Effects in 2-12 hrs.
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Stimulant Laxatives/ Dulcolax IND
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constipation
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Stimulant Laxatives/ Dulcolax
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high misuse potential
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Osmotic Laxatives: magnesium salts/ MOM
sodium salts/ sodium phosphate MOA |
pull water into intestinal lumen by osmotic action. They inc and soften fecal mass which stimulates peristalsis.
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Osmotic Laxatives: magnesium salts/ MOM
sodium salts/ sodium phosphate IND |
low doses: constipation
high doses: empty bowel |
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Osmotic Laxatives: magnesium salts/ MOM
sodium salts/ sodium phosphate AE |
water loss/dehydration
magnesium salts CI in renal px sodium salts CI in HTN, CHF |
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Miscellaneous Laxatives: Types
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-Lactulose
-Polyethylen Glycol-Electrolyte Solutions/GoLYTELY |
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Lactulose MOA
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semi-synthetic disaccharide. Metabolized to lactic, formic and acetic acid by bacteria in colon causing a mild osmotic action. Effects are in 1-3 days.
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Lactulose IND
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-constipation
-hepatic encephalopathy |
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Lactulose AE
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cramping, flatulence
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Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solutions/GoLYTELY MOA
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bowel cleansing solution, consists of e-lytes and polyethylene glycol, an osmotic agent. Large volume-4L
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Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solutions/GoLYTELY IND
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bowel cleaning for dx procedures
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Anti-Diarrheal Agents: Types
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Non-Specific Antidiarrheal Agents:
diphenoxylate+atropine/Lomotil - loperamide/Imodium |
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Lomotil/Imodium MOA
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activates opiod receptors in GI tract and dec intestinal motility. Slows intestinal transit time so allows more time for fluid and e-lytes to be absorbed.
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Lomotil/Imodium IND
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diarrhea
reduce volume of discharge from ileostomy |
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Lomotil/Imodium AE
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none at normal doses.
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Antiemitcs: Use/MOA
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suppress n/v. Vomiting is triggered by different stimuli:
1. direct-acting stimuli: signals from cerebral cortex and sensory organs 2. indirect-acting stimuli: activate chemoreceptors trigger zone. |
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Antiemitcs: Types
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Ondansetron/Zofran
Prochlorperazine/Compazine Metoclopramide/Reglan Dronabinol/Marinol |
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Ondansetron/Zofran MOA
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serotonin receptor antagonist. Blocks seratonin receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone and afferent vagal neurons in upper GI tract.
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Ondansetron/Zofran IND
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acute n/v caused by chemotherap, radiation, anesthesia
n/v not responsive to other meds |
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Ondansetron/Zofran AE
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HA, diarrhea, dizziness
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Prochlorperazine/Compazine MOA
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dopamine antagonist, blocks dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone to suppress vomiting.
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Prochlorperazine/Compazine IND
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n/v associated with surgery, chemotherapy
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Prochlorperazine/Compazine AE
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extrapyramidal rxns
anticholinergic effects sedation hypotension |
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Metaclopramide/Reglan MOA
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prokinetic drug, inc tone and motility of GI tract. suppresses emesis by blocking receptors for dopamine and seratonin in chemoreceptor trigger zone.
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Prochlorperazine/Compazine IND
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n/v: post-op chemo, surgery
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Prochlorperazine/Compazine AE
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sedation, diarrhea
extrapyramidal rxns |
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Prochlorperazine/Compazine IND
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n/v associated with surgery, chemotherapy
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Prochlorperazine/Compazine AE
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extrapyramidal rxns
anticholinergic effects sedation hypotension |
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Metaclopramide/Reglan MOA
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prokinetic drug, inc tone and motility of GI tract. suppresses emesis by blocking receptors for dopamine and seratonin in chemoreceptor trigger zone.
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Metaclopramide/Reglan IND
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n/v: post-op chemo
GERD, gastroparesis, tube feedings: speeds up gastric emptying |
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Metaclopramide/Reglan AE
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sedation, diarrhea
extrapyramidal rxns |
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Dronabinol/Marinol MOA
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THC, principal psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Unknown mechanism
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Dronabinol/Marinol IND
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n/v for chemo pts
increase appetite with AIDS pts |
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Dronabinol/Marinol AE
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subjective feelings identical to smoking marijuana--dissociation, dysphoria
hypotension, tachycardia |
