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46 Cards in this Set
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pancreatic endopeptidases
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cleaves (hydrolyzes) inside
chymotripsin elastase trypsin activated by trypsin |
C E T
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pancreatic exopeptidase
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Cleaves at terminals
carboxypeptidase activated by trypsin |
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activation of trypsinogen
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excreted by pancreas
activated by enteropeptidase from enterocyte in Dd & Jm |
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pepsinogin activation
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pepsinogin secreted from cheif
when proteins in stomach in presence of pepsin & HCL |
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enteropeptidase action
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activates trypsin
serine protease membrane bound enzyme |
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what peptides can be absorbed?
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aa's, di, tri & tetra
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what powers PepT1
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Na/K pump (at basolateral)
(Na out to interstit, K in) dirves Na/H+ pump so H in lumen H+/peptide pump (PepT1) brings in peptides (not aa's) |
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what is PepT1
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H+, peptide cotransport
powered by Na/K N/H+ drives out H+ to pick up peptides aas just come in with Na |
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aa's absorbed with what co transport
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Na
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di, tri, & tetras absorbed with what cotransport
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H+
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what enzyme processes di, tri & tetra to single aa after absorbed
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cytoplasmic peptidase
in enterocyte |
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how do aa's get into blood
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facilitated transport
can have genetic errors in channel |
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in babies FTT, Diarrhea, hypo-proteinemia, edema
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enteropeptidase deficiency
can't activate trypsin can't absorb proteins |
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can't absorb neutral aa's
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Hartnup
tryptophan & phenylalanine |
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defect in transporter with 2 subunits
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cystinuria
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genetic defect in cationic transporter of aa's
liver & kidney problems sx of malnutrition |
Lysinuria
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type of carbohydrates absorbed in SI
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monomers:
glucose, fructose, galactose |
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pancreas secreted enzyme for digestion of carbs
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alpha amylase
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membrane bound border enzyme for carb digestion in SI
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disicharidases
(sucrase, maltase, lactase) dextrinase (to hydrolyze starch to dextrin) |
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action of alpha amylase
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breaks down polysacharides (amylase from starch & glycogen)
hydrolyzes alpha 1-4 bonds secreted by pancreas |
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digestible dissacharides
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sucrose = fructose + glucose
alpha 1-2 maltose = gluc + gluc alpha 1-4 isomaltose = gluc + gluc alpha 1-6 lactose = gluc + galac beta 1-4 |
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sucrase
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membrane bound enzyme in SI
converts to gluc + fruc |
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maltase
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membrane bound enzyme in SI
converts to gluc + gluc |
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lactase
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membrane boune enzyme in SI
breaks BETA bond gluc + galctose |
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mechanism to break bonds between carbs
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hydrolyze glycosidic bonds
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isomaltase
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membrane bound enzyme in SI
breaks down dextrin to glucose |
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luminal carbohydrate transporters
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SGLT1- gluc & galac
GLUT5- only fructose |
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carbohydrate transporters at basolateral membrane of enterocyte
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GLUT2 (in lots of other places, too)
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Action of SGLT1
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2Na/carb cotransporter
Na/K pump drives (by K in to cell) also brings water & CL back into cell |
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Action of GLUT5
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transports fructose only
not ion dependent facilitated carrier |
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structure of SGLT1
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14 membrane domain
glycoprotein |
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glycoprotein
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protein subject to post transcriptional modification by sugar (glycosylation)
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action of GLUT2
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facilitated carrier
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mutation in gene for SGLT1
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GGM
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glucose, galactose malabsorption
severe watery diarrhea resolved with fructose only diet |
GGM
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4 carb absorption associated dz's
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GGM
Sucrase/Isomaltase deficiency Lactase deficiency Hypolactasia (auto recessive, predominates in world) |
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diarrhea at 3 months
(from sucrose) |
sucrase/isomaltase defic
N term has sucrase C term has isomaltase |
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intolerance to milk
after 2-5 years auto-recessive |
hypolactasia
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cows milk intolerance cause
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autoimmune
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dectection of lactose intolerance
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lact tol test
stool acidity breath hydrogen |
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Lactose intolerance test
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fast
drink liquid w/lactose repeated measure of BG gluc in blood = no intol |
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indication of lactose intolerance
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absence of glucose in blood after fasting & lactose introduced
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mechanism of stool acidity test
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bacteria produce lactic acid
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mechanism of breath hydrogen test
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bacteria produce lactic acid
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gluten intolerance
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Celiac sprue
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mechanism of Celiac Sprue
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autoimmune
rxn to gluten, (wheat, barley, oats, soy) flattening of lining of SI poor absorption of nutrients 1/133 in US |
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