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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major normal flora of mouth?
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BECLASP F-N-V
Bacterioides Eubacterium Corynebacterium Lactobacilli Actinomyces Streptococci Prevotella Fusobacterium Neisseria Veillonella (ALL are Gram+ except B and F-N-V) |
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Most common chronic disease In kids?
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dental carries
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Define dental caries
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tooth decay - affects enamel
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Define Gingivitis
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Inflamm of gingivae, = squamous mucosa in between and around teeth
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Define Periodontitis
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Inflamm of structures that support teeth, including periodontal ligs, alveolar bone and cementum. If untreated, will lead to tooth loss
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Mechanism of dental caries?
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Bact. convert sugars to acids that erode the enamel. Repeated erosions result in caries (demineralization of enamel)
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What bacteria cause caries?
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The "streps"
Strep. mutans = MAJOR ONE strep. sanguis strep. salivarius strep. mitis |
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What causes gingivitis?
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inc. numbers of normal flora grow in gingival crevice and produce toxins that cause inflamm.
Accumulation of dental plaque between gums and teeth causes inflamm of gums and thickening of gingival margins resulting in tooth loss |
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Whats the major cause of tooth loss?
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periodontal disease
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Cause of periodontitis?
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Inflamm of periodontal lig and alveolar bone
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T/F: there is a close assoc. between periodontal disease and systemic disease
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TRUE
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Whats the main etiologic agent that causes Periodontal disease?
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Porphrymonas gingivalis (note this is not easy to remember as you'd think it would cause gingivitis but it causes PERIODONTITIS)
(AN INCREASE in organisms causes gingivitis, strep. mutans causes caries) |
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A pt. presents with periodontal disease. The organism that causes this predisposes the pt to what other illnesses?
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Periodontitis = caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis =
risk factor for: coronary heart disease, pulm. infections pre-term, low birth weight infants Infective endocarditis Pulm and brain abcesses |
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Pt. presents with periodontitis. What other diseases might this pt have?
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Periodontitis = caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis which is a component of:
AIDS Leukemia Crohn's disease DM Downs Sarcoidosis Syndromes assoc. with PMN defects (Chediak-Higashi syndrome, agranulocytosis and cyclic neutropenia) |
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T/F: Periodontitis can lead to bacteremia
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TRUE
This can then lead to cardiovascular disease |
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Infections of teeth and gingivae can spread and cause what?
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Sinusitis
Osteomyelitis of Jaw Aspiration Pneumonia |
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What are the immune defenses in the oral cavity?
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Innate = normal flora, antimicrobials in saliva (defensins)
Adaptive = Secretory IgA, Lymphoid tissues (Waldeyer's Ring) |
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The lymphoid tissue that guards the entrance of the GI and respiratory tract is made of what organs?
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Adenoid tonsil, palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil
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You scrape a white exudate from a child's mouth. Its candidiasis (via candida albicans). What will it look like under microscope?
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Gram Positive budding yeast
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T/F: Candida albicans is part of our normal flora
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TRUE in 50% of pple
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Whats the most common fungal infection in oral cavity
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Candida albicans (candidiasis)
AKA pseudomembranous candidiasis |
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In what pts will we see candidiasis?
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immunocompromised or immunosuppressed
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What factors predispose pts to diseases of oral cavity?
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AIDS, immunodeficiencies
Immunosuppressive therapy Abx Chemo Smoking Broad-spectrum Abx Oral or inhaled corticosteroids Bone marrow or organ transplantation Pts that wear dentures |
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Where in GI do we start to see Anaerobes and Coliforms?
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Large intestine
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What bact. predominates in small intestine?
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Gram Positive (gram positives also predominate in oral cavity normal flora)
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When does colonization of neonatal gut beign?
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right after birth
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T/F: babies born via C-section are exposed to microbes in hospital and hospital workers while babies born vaginally are exposed to bact. in vagina and intestinal flora and these contribute to their gut colonization
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TRUE
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Gastric pH has what effect on bact?
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kills most of it...acid-tolerant organisms survive to colonize intestine
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What are some factors that can compromise the GI Tract?
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antacids
Abx Glucosteroids Chemo/Radiation Ingestion of toxins/micro-organisms Obstructions in fluid flow |
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What BENEFICIAL effects do GI flora do?
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limit colonization by pathogens
take up space, utilize nutrients and produce inhibitors Enhance our ability to get energy from foods synthesize various vitamins and growth factors Help metabolize chol. and bile acids |
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How does normal flora affect immune system?
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stimulate development/maturation of systemic and mucosal immune systems
Stimulate proliferation of Ab-producing tissue and differentiation of T cells |
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T/F: Comensal (ie normal) flora help to shape immune system
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TRUE
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What are the innate defenses of the GI tract?
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Defensins
Mucus Flow of Fluid |
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What are the adaptive defenses of the GI Tract?
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Abs (SIgA and IgG)
Dendritic cells Peyer's patches with M cells Intraepithelial Lymphocytes |
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T/F: There is a link between normal flora and obesity
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TRUE
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T/F: the GI is a common source of infection in other sites
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TRUE
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T/F: The GI can be a source of carcinogens
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TRUE = greatest during stasis (ie not moving)
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Mechanism of Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
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An abberrant immune response is generated to the normal flora
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Whats the difference between pre-biotic and pro-biotic?
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Pro = alive = LIVE ORGANISMS that when given give host a beneficial effect
Pre-biotic = Non-digestable food ingredients that facilitate changes in composition of intestinal flora with benefits for host (ex = oligosacchardies in milk = inulin, galactose, fructose, lactulose) |
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What are two examples of pro-biotics?
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Lactobacillus
Bafidobacterium |
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Effects of Pro-biotics?
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Inc. weight on infants
Dec. Diarrhea (acute episodes) Prevent Abx-assoc. diarrhea Tx clostridium difficile assoc. diarrhea Alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance Beneficial preventive effects against necrotizing enterocolitis |
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Define fecal microbiota transplant
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= transplant fecal material from donor to host
= to restore gut function and improve health |
