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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most common metabolic/endocrine disorder causing constipation:
other causes? Two common causes of constipation in elderly? |
DM (60%)
pregnancy, hypothyroidism, hyper calcemia, hypokalemia idiopathic - straining, fecal impaction |
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Most common cause of constipation in children?
Mechanism of Hirschprungs? |
idiopathic, functional - painful BM, they train external sphincter not to open
absence of ganglion cells in submucosal and myenteric plexi of the colon, poop gets stuck, colon dilates |
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How to dx Hirschprungs?
Neurological causes of constipation? Tx of choice for Hirschprungs? |
BE, AXR, anorectal manometry, rectal biopsy
Parkinson's, dementia, MS, spinal cord lesions/injuries, trauma surgery, resection |
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What is melanosis coli?
Effects? |
dark pigmentation deposited in colonic mucosa post long-term laxative (containing anthraquinone) use
damage to myenteric plexus, excessive loss of fluids, electrolytes from lumen, mucosal hypertrophy |
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Tx of constipation?
If idiopathic, then what? |
Treat underlying condition
If idiopathic, then change diet, increase insoluble fiber (add bulk), increase H2O intake, change behaviors, laxatives (bulk-forming, osmotic, stimulant) |
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42 y/o obese WF presents with episodic severe epigastric and RUQ pain, vomiting and diaphoretic, +Murphy's sign.
Risk factors for cholelithiasis? (6 F's) Best test to diagnose cholelithiasis? |
cholelithiasis
female, forties, fat, fertile, flatulent, fair-skinned U/S |
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4 treatments for cholelithiasis?
Two complications of chronic cholecystitis? |
surgery, chemical dissolution, endoscopic removal (ERCP), lithotripsy
thickened, fibrotic GB, pancreatitis |
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Infection of the common bile duct:
Charcot's triad? Tx for cholangitis? |
cholangitis
RUQ pain, fever, jaundice Abx, NPO, IVF |
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35 y/o M presents w/ elevated alkaline phosphatase, jaundice, enlarged liver, UC:
primary sclerosing cholangitis? secondary sclerosing cholangitis? |
sclerosing cholangitis
associated with inflammatory bowel, UC often occurs post surgery, trauma, chronic pancreatitis |
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Pt presents with painless jaundice, dark urine, light stools, anorexia, N/V:
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cholangiosarcoma
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fecal-oral transmission, incubation 4 wks, replication limited to liver:
Has two Antigens, one early, one during infectious stage; percutaneous transmission, 4-12 weeks: |
Hep A
Hep B |
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Which Hep B Ab's are always present post infection?
Which IG shows up first, which one shows up later? When does Anti-HCV show up in serum? |
Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc
IGM, then IGG 30-90 d. post infection |
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Waterborne hepatitis, ID'ed in Asia, India, Africa, C. America, eneteric transmission, 5-6 weeks incubation:
S/S of hepatitis? |
Hep E
general, prodromal symptoms (anorexia, N/V, fatigue, photophobia, fever) then hepatomegaly, jaundice, raised AST/ALT, PT time elevated |
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Prognosis of:
Hep A? Hep B? Hep "C"? |
Hep A - most recover fine
Hep B - 95% adults recover, 95% kids chronic infection Hep C - Chronic infection |
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Which Ag's are elevated in acute and chronic infectious Hep B?
When do you see Anti-HBe? When do you see Anti-HBc? What do you get when receving the Hep B vaccination? Which IG appears with acute infection? chronic infection? |
HBsAG, HBeAg
chronic infectious, late chronic recovery stages Anti-HBs acute - IGM chronic - IGG |
