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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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consequence of insulin acting on muscle
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GLUT 4 receptor on surface
increase glucose uptake glycolysis from exogenous sugar protein synthesis glycogen production |
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consequence of insulin acting on liver
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GLUT 2 receptor
can't be saturated increse glycogen synth |
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consequence of glucagon acting on liver
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glycogen breakdown
glucose into bloodstream gluconeogenesis late in fast amino acids from muscle breakdown |
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consequence of removal of insulin from muscle
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GLUT 4 out of membrane
burn glycogen proteolysis |
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GLUT 1
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in RBC, Brain Kidney
high affinity |
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GLUT 2
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liver, pancreas, beta cell
lumen of intestine high capacity low affinity |
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GLUT 3
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brain, kidney
high affinity |
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GLUT 4
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skeletal muscle & adipose
(heart) insulin stimulated |
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GLUT 5
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SI
fructose absorption (no Na) |
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properties of IRS
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insulin receptor substrate
phosphorylated when insulin bound to R activate 2nd mess transport GLUT 4 to membrane increase transcription alter existing proteins |
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hexokinase
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first step glycolysis (requires ATP)
inhibited by G6PO3 |
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phosphoglucose isomerase
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glycolysis
G6 PO3 to F6 PO3 |
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Phosphofructokinase
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Glycolysis
F6 PO3 to F 1-6 BisPo3 (ATP & Mg) Rate limiting step allosteric regulation by PFK II & F2-6 BisPO3 |
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aldolase
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Glycolysis
F 1-6 BP to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (isomerizes with Glyceraldehyde 3 PO3) |
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GLucokinase
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only in liver
high Km, low affinity does not saturate |
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Glucose 6 Phosphatase
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Gluconeogenesis
only in liver, kidney, intestinal epithel gives Glucose + free Pi (bypasses hexokinase step of glycolysis) |
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energy producing substrates in glycolysis
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1-3 BPG (phosphoglycerate kinase)
PEP (pyruvate kinase) |
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Energy requiring enzymes in glycolysis
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Gluco/Hexokinase
PFK |
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action of F 2-6 BP
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inhibit gluconeogenesis
stimulate PFK I |
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removal of F 2-6 BP
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F 2-6 BPase
activated by cAMP stimulated by Glucagon & epi (PFK II inhibited by cAMP) |
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phosphorylation of PFK II from
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cAMP when glucagon or Epi stim
causes inhibition of glycolysis & stimulation of gluconeogenesis |
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in RBC
allosteric regulation Hgb binding O2 |
2,3 BPG
from 1,3 BPG (glycolysis) |
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recycles lactate
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Cori cycle
lactate from RBC (or tissues under anaerobic) to liver for gluconeogenesis |
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metabolism of galactose
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galactose (kinase)
galactose 1P gives UDP galac + glucose 1 P UDP galac to UDP Glucose |
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deficiency in galactose Transferase & epimerase
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increases galactose 1P
toxic to cells |
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deficiency in galactokinase
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increases galactose
cataracts |
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metabolism of fructose
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(aldolase B)
glyceraldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate then 2 glyceraldehyde 3 P (net gain 2 ATP) |
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fructose joins glucose metabolism at...
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glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
(for glycolysis) |
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triosephosphate isomerase
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glyceraldehyde 3 P to dihydroxyacetone P
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galactose joins glucose metabolism at...
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glucose 1 phosphate
(for glycogen synth) |
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pyruvate kinase
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PEP to pyruvate
(thru enolpyruvate) |
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high levels of 2,3 BPG will allow...
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easier release of O2 to tissues (upregulated in hypoxia?)
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