Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
a. What is the common presentation of PUD?
|
i. Melanotic stool
ii. Epigastric pain |
|
|
b. What can TUMS or Rolaids cause in tx of PUD?
|
i. Acid rebound effect
|
|
|
a. What is the pro/con of a TIPS procedure?
|
i. Reduces likelihood of bleeding at expense of increased hepatic encephalopathy
|
|
|
a. What causes erosive gastritis?
|
i. NSAIDs
ii. Alcoholics iii. Stress→ Curling and Cushing ulcers |
|
|
b. How do you tx erosive gastritis?
|
i. H2 blockers to prevent
ii. Prophylactic to ICU, burn patients |
|
|
c. What is the appearance of erosive gastritis?
|
i. Sub-epithelial hemorrhages and erosions
|
|
|
a. What is an aorto-enteric fistula?
|
i. Formed from erosion of intra-aortic stent through posterior wall of 3rd limb of duodenum
ii. Forceful bleeding ensues |
|
|
5. What is Osler Weber Rendu?
|
a. AV malformation
|
|
|
6. What is the appearance of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)?
|
a. Watermelon stomach
|
|
|
7. What is a Dieulafoy lesion? Where does it usually occur?
|
a. Submucosal vessel erodes into stomach lumen
b. Causes forceful pinpoint bleeding c. Usually on lesser curvature |
|
|
8. What is a prolapse gastropathy?
|
a. Large hiatal hernia with inversion and prolapse of gastric fundus into lower esophagus
|
|
|
9. What causes a prolapse gastropathy?
|
a. Alcoholism→ forceful retching
|
|
|
10. What should you stop giving when an upper GI bleed is suspected?
|
a. All blood thinners and anti-platelet agents
b. All meds that can lower pressures→ BP meds, diurectics, and nitrates |
|
|
11. What should you administer when an upper GI bleed is suspected?
|
a. Fluids
b. Volume expanders c. PRBCs or whole blood |
|
|
12. What should you administer along with a unit of PRBC?
|
a. 1 unit of FFP
|
|
|
13. What is the tx of an upper esophageal bleed?
|
a. Stop smoking
b. Stop drinking c. Stop eating at Taco Bell |
|
|
14. What is a Senstaken-Blackmore tube used for? What are its components?
|
a. Used to control bleeding above and/or below the GE junction
b. 3 lumens→ c. 1 esophageal balloon (long) d. 1 gastric balloon (short and round) e. 1 for gastric suction (middle) |
|
|
15. In what situation should you use a Senstaken-Blackmore tube?
|
a. Only for emergency stabilization
|
|
|
1. What are the most common causes of a lower GI bleed in adults?
|
a. Hemorrhoids**
b. Anal fissures** c. Diverticuli d. Vascular ectasia e. Neoplasms f. Colitis |
|
|
17. What is the most common cause of a lower GI bleed in adolescents?
|
a. Inflammatory bowel disease
b. Peutz-Jager syndrome |
|
|
18. What is the most common cause of a lower GI bleed in children?
|
a. Meckel’s diverticulum
|
|
|
19. What type of people can present with diverticular bleeding?
|
a. Elderly
b. On stool regimens |
|
|
20. Where do diverticular bleeds most often occur?
|
a. Right colon
|
|
|
21. How do you tx diverticular bleeds?
|
a. Vasopressin
b. Embolization techniques |
|
|
22. Where are the highest number of diverticula?
|
a. Left side
|
|
|
23. Where are diverticula most likely to bleed?
|
a. Right side
|
|
|
24. Where does colonic vascular ectasia usually occur?
|
a. Right side
|
|
|
25. What is the tx for colonic vascular ectasia?
|
a. Endoscopic hemostatic treatments
b. Surgical resection if ectasia not responsive |
|
|
26. What is the characteristic mucosal appearance of UC?
|
a. Cobblestone mucosa
|
|
|
27. What causes lymphoid nodular hyperplasia?
|
a. H. pylori infection
b. Due to activation of Peyers patches c. Can bleed if hard stool presses up against them |
|
|
28. When should an obscure bleeding workup be done?
|
a. When source of bleeding is not clearly evident from lab
|
|
|
29. What tests are run in an obscure bleeding workup?
|
a. Angiography
b. Pillcam c. Push enteroscopy d. Tagged RBC scan e. Meckel’s scan |
|
|
30. What is done if an obscure bleeding workup is negative?
|
a. Open surgery or intra-operative endoscopy
|
