Gi Anatomy

Front 1

what are the arteries that come off of the celiac trunk?

Back 1

splenic artery
left gastric
common hepatic

Front 2

which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

Back 2

r/l gastroepiploic

Front 3

which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Back 3

r/l gastric arteries

Front 4

path of blood from the common hepatic artery

Back 4

gastroduodenal artery branches off
right gastric artery branches off
common hepatic continues as hepatic artery proper
R/L hepatic arteries branch off of that
cystic artery branches off of R hepatic artery

Front 5

where are there good, strong arterial anastomoses around the stomach?

Back 5

R/L gastroepiploics
R/L gastric arteries

Front 6

where is there poor anastomoses to the stomach?

Back 6

short gastrics (seen when the splenic artery is blocked)

Front 7

what causes esophageal varices?

Back 7

anastomoses between left gastric vein and azygous vein

(portal-caval shunting)

Front 8

what causes caput medusae?

Back 8

anastomoses between paraumbilical vein and inferior epigastric vein

(portal-caval shunting)

Front 9

what causes external hemorrhoids?

Back 9

anastomoses between superior and inferior rectal veins

(portal-caval shunting)

Front 10

what are the causes of portal HTN?

Back 10

prehepatic: portal/splenic vein obstruction (thrombosis)
intrahepatic: cirrhosis, schistosomiasis, tumor
posthepatic: CHF, pericarditis, Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein occlusion)

Front 11

in addition to the occlusions that cause esoph varices, ext hemorrhoids, and caput medusae, what other portal-caval anastamoses occur?

Back 11

retroperitoneal vein to renal vein
retroperitoneal vein to paravertebral vein

Front 12

where does the blood come from in the inferior epigastric vein?

Back 12

removes blood from liver via hepatic veins

Front 13

falciform ligament
connects
contains

Back 13

liver to anterior abdominal wall
ligamentum teres

Front 14

hepatoduodenal ligament
connects
contains
additional info

Back 14

liver to duo
portal triad (hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein)
can be compressed btwn thumb and finger to slow bleeding (in epiploic foramen of Winslow)

Front 15

gastrohepatic ligament
connects
contains
additional info

Back 15

lesser curvature of stomach to liver
gastric arteries
separates R lesser and greater sacs
can be cut during surgery to access lesser sac

Front 16

gastrocolic ligament
connects
contains
additional info

Back 16

greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
epiploic arteries
in greater omentum

Front 17

gastrosplenic ligament
connects
contains
additional info

Back 17

greater curvature of stomach to spleen
no arteries
separates L greater and lesser sacs

Front 18

splenorenal ligament
connects
contains
additional info

Back 18

connects spleen to posterior abdominal wall
splenic artery and vein
none

Front 19

layers of the digestive tract starting closest to lumen?

Back 19

mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)
submucosa (contains submucosal/Meissner's plexus)
muscularis externa (inner circular layer, myenteric/Auerbach's plexus, outer longitudinal)
serosa

Front 20

fxn of the lamina propria

Back 20

support

Front 21

fxn of the muscularis mucosa

Back 21

motility

Front 22

where is Meissner's plexus located?

Back 22

within the submucosa, between the muscularis mucosa and the inner ciruclar layer of the muscularis externa

Front 23

where is the Auerbach plexus located?

Back 23

between the inner ciruclar and out longitudinal layers of muscle

Front 24

fxn of Meissner's plexus

Back 24

regulates local secretions, blood flow, and absorption
contains cell bodies of some parasympathetic terminal effector neurons

Front 25

fxn of Auerbach's plexus

Back 25

to coordinate the motility of the gut; contains cell bodies of parasympathetic terminal effector neurons

Front 26

what are the abdominal layers?

Back 26

PETTIE: don't be pettie about your abs

peritoneum
extraperitoneal tissue
transversalis fascia
tranversus abdominus
internal oblique
external oblique

Front 27

where are the only GI submucosal glands

Back 27

duodenum submucosa, they secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acid

Front 28

what are Brunner's glands

Back 28

glands in the duo submucosa that secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acid
hypertrophied in peptic ulcer dz

Front 29

what is the basal electric frequency of the stomach

Back 29

3 Hz

Front 30

what is the basal electric frequency of the duodenum?

Back 30

12 Hz

Front 31

what is the basal electric frequency of the ileum?

Back 31

8-9 Hz

Front 32

what is the pectinate line

Back 32

separates the hindgut from the part of the anus that is derived from ectoderm

Front 33

pathology above the pectinate line

Back 33

internal hemorrhoids (not painful, visceral innervation)
adenocarcinoma

Front 34

blood flow above pectinate line

Back 34

superior rectal artery (branch of IMA) --> inferior rectal vein --> IMV --> portal system

Front 35

blood flow below the pectinate line

Back 35

inferior rectal artery (branch off of pudendal nerve) --> inferior rectal vein --> internal pudendal vein --> internal iliac vein --> IVC

Front 36

pathology occurring below pectinate line

Back 36

external hemorrhoids (painful, somatic innervation)
squamous cell carcinoma

Front 37

path of bile from liver

Back 37

bile enters R and L hepatic ducts --> common hepatic duct
flows into cystic duct to enter GB
flows out of GB to enter cystic duct, then common bile duct (inside hepatoduodenal ligament)
common bile duct passes behind 1st part of duo and joins with pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla
hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into major duodenal papilla opens at the 2nd part of duo

Front 38

what is the order (from lateral to medial) of the structures in the femoral triangle?

Back 38

femoral nerve, artery, vein

Front 39

what is the order from lateral to medial of the structures in the femoral sheath?

Back 39

femoral artery, vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes (contained in canal) (femoral nerve is not in the triangle)

Front 40

between what 2 structures does the rectus abdmoninus lie?

Back 40

transversalis fascia
transversus abdominus

Front 41

describe the pathwway leading to an indirect inguinal hernia

Back 41

internal (deep) inguinanl ring
external (superficial) inguinal ring
into scrotum
(covered by all three layers of spermatic fascia)

Front 42

where does teh indirect inguinal hernia enter the external inguinal ring?

Back 42

lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

Front 43

describe pathway of direct inguinal hernia

Back 43

enters at external inguinal ring (covered by transversalis fascia only)

Front 44

what are the layers of spermatic fascia from deep to superficial?

Back 44

internal spermatic fascia
cremasteric fascia
external spermatic fascia

Front 45

where doe the direct inguinal hernia enter the external inguinal ring

Back 45

medial to the inferior epigastric artery
(MDs dont' LIe)

Front 46

where is the femoral hernia

Back 46

below and lateral to the pubic tubercle
(women most commonly)

Front 47

what is contained in Hesselbach's triangle?

Back 47

inferior epigastric artery
lateral border of inferior rectus
inguinal ligament