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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
name the three proton pump inhibitors
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omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole (ome, esome, lanso: prazole)
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in the acid compartment of the canaliculus, these drugs are protonated and concentrated 1000 fold
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PPIs - omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole
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The quality of the acid-activated drug blocks H-K-ATPase irreversibly by forming a covalent bond with SH groups of H-K-ATPase
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PPIs- omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole
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these drug's half life is 1 hr but effects are 18 hours to 24 hours. Should be aminstered 1 hr before a meal. Bioavailability is 50% with food. high doses can inhibit gastric secretion up to 95%
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PPIs-omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole
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This drug is used in gastric ulcers with or without antibiotics (for h.pylori). Also used for GERD. These drugs are superior to H2 receptor antagonists and to mucosal protectants in the healing of NSAID induced peptic ulcers.
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PPI-someprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole
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This particular drug is approved for the treatment and prevention of NSAID associated gastric ulcers.
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Lansoprazole
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These drugs of choice in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (gastrin - producing tumors). These drugs are generally well tolerated.
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PPI-someprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole
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Name the 4 H2 receptor antagonists- these are all over the counter
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Cimetidine (tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (pepcid), Nizatidine (axid)
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This particular drug interferes with metabolism of other drugs due to inhibition of cytochrome P-450
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Cimetidine
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these drugs predominantly inhibt fasting (nocturnal secretion) of gastric acid with a smaller effect on food stimulated gastric acid secretion. These also blunt responses to Ach and gastrin. These are also used in gastric ulcers, alone or in combination with antibiotics to eradicate H.pylori. also used in heartburn or GERD
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Cimetidine (tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (pepcid), Nizatidine (axid)
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Name 3 mucosal protective agents
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Misoprostol (cytotec); Sucralfate (carafate); Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
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This particular drug: 1) stable analog of PGE1 that binds to the PG receptor and causes a modest inhibition of acid secretion. 2) is cytoprotective 3) promotes secretion of mucus and bicarbonate 4) indicated for prevention of gastric damage during chronic use of NSAIDS 5) can cause diarrhea and abdominal cramps** 6) not to be used in pregnancy**(abortifacient) since it causes uterine contraction
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Misoprostol
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This particular drug: 1) is a complex of Al(OH)3 and sulfated sucrose 2) In an acid environment after in the stomach, this drug undergoes extensive cross-linking to produce a viscous, sticky polymer (which increases prostaglandin and decreases gastric secretion??) 3) is cytoprotective, coats gastric mucosa, stimulates PGE production 4) drug interactions: reduces absorption of digoxin
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Sucralfate
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This particular drug: 1) has a cyto protective action, binds to and coats ulcers 2) may inhibit pepsit activity and increase mucus, prostaglandin and bicarbonate secretion, 3) is used in mid diarrhea 4) has been used in clinical trails for eradication of H.pylori (with antibiotics and anti-acid secretory agents) 5) may have some antibacterial effect against H.pylori 6) use decreased due to bad taste
7) adverse effects: patients sensative to aspirin may show sensitivity to salicylate (aspirin) |
Bismuth Subsalicylate (pepto-Bismol)
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Name 2 drugs that stimulate GI motility
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Metoclopramide, Erythromycin
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This drug releases ACH from cholinergic neurons in myenteric plexus (to increase motility and tone) 2) enhances tone and motility in esophagus and stomach, facilitates gastric emptying. Works on upper, but not lower GI tract. 3) Stimulates gastric motility (prokinetic) without increasing acid secretion
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Metoclopramide
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This drug is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and enters the CNS. 2) is used in GERD, reflux esophagitis (heartburn) disorders of gastric emptying (diabetic gastroparesis) and intractable hiccup***
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Metoclopramide
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This drug is used as anti emetic (in-cancer chemotherapy) due its CNS actions
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Metoclopramide
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Adverse effects of this drug is its extrapyramidal effects such as parkinsonism. 2) contraindicated in persons with seizure disorders and in mechanical obstruction of GI tract
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Metoclopramide
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THis drug also has a prokinetic effect. It is used indiabetic gastroparesis and may be used in patients with upper GI hemorrhage to promote gastric emptying prior to endoscopy
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Erythromycin
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This drug stimulates motilin receptors, motilin is a polypeptide hormone that mediates intestinal smooth muscle contraction.
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Erythromycin
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This type of drug is a 5 HT3 receptor antagonist
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Ondansetron
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5 HT3 receptor antagonist is used as an ...............
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Antiemetics
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This type of antiemetics: 1) prevents peripheral and central stimulation of VC (vomiting center) by blocking 5-HT3 receptors in stomach, STN, and CTZ - chemoreceptor trigger zone)
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5HT3 receptor antagonist - ondansetron
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THis drug are used to prevent and treat cancer chemotherapy - induced emesis. Effective for immediate emesis due to chemo
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Antiemetics: 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
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This drug are also useful in postoperative and post radiation nausea and vomiting and in hypermesis of pregnancy. 2) have a LONG half life, given once or twice daily. 3) may prolong the QT interval, but usually not clinically significant
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Antiemetics: 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
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Name 7 drugs used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD, ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease)
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5-aminosalicyclic (5-ASA)
Sulfasalazine Budesonide Asathioprine 6Mercaptopurine Methotrexate Infliximab |
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This drug is bound by an azo group:
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Sulfasalazine
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True or False: Drugs used in IBD are usually glucocorticoids, most commonly prednisone and prednisolone, commonly used to treat moderate to severe flares but inappropriate for long-term use due to side effects
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True. Drugs used in IBD are usually glucocorticoids, most commonly prednisone and prednisolone, commonly used to treat moderate to severe flares but inappropriate for long-term use due to side effects
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A controlled release oral formulation of this drug, a synthetic analog of prednisolone is available that releases the drug in the distal ileium and colon, where it is absorbed.
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Budesonide
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The 2 IBD drugs are purine analogs
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Azatheoprine and 4-Mercaptopurine
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These 2 IBD drugs are immunosuppressants, important agents in the induction and maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease; (adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, bone marrow depression and hepatic toxicity.)
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Azatheoprine and 4-Mercaptopurine
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This drug may interfere with the inflammatory action of IL-1, increase release of adenosine (an anti-inflammatory autocoid), stimulate death of activated T-cells. 2) used to induce and maintain remission in Crohn's disease 3) Adverse effects seen with higher doses include bone marrow depression, megaloblastic anemia and alpecia. 4) supplementation with folate reduces risk of adverse effects.
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Methotrexate
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These drugs (2) mechanism of action is uncertain, but not likely due to cyclooxygenase inhibition, instead may be due to inhibition of cytokine production (IL6, TNF-a), inhibition of NF-kB (transcription factor), or scavenging of free radicals.
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5 aminosalicyclic acid and sulfasalazine.
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A monoclonal Antibody to TNF -a, binds to TNF a so it is unable to bind to its receptor, used in the acute and chornic treatment of moderate to severe chrohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (in activates immune response), adverse effects include infection due to suppression of the TH1 inflmmatory response.
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Infliximab
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