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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a normal fault?
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A normal fault drops rock on one side of the fault down relative to the other side.
(Normal because the fault drops) |
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What causes normal faults?
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Tension.
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What is a thrust fault?
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Along a thrust (reverse) fault, one rocky block is pushed up relative to rock on the other side.
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What causes a thrust fault?
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The fault motion is caused by compressional forces and results in shortening.
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What is a strike-slip fault?
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The rocky blocks on either side of strike-slip faults scrape along side-by-side. The movement is horizontal and the rock layers beneath the surface haven't been moved up or down on either side of the fault.
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What is a left-lateral strike-slip fault?
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If the block on the far side moves left.
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What is a right-lateral strike-slip fault?
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If the block on the far side moves right.
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What is oblique-slip fault?
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A combination of dip-slip faulting and strike-slip faulting.
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What is the hypocenter?
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The point on the fault plane where the slip initiated.
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What are seismic waves?
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Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth of an explosion.
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What are the two type of seismic waves?
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Body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move only the surface of plannets.
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What is the first type of body wave?
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P waves. They are the fastest kind of seismic waves. They move through sloid rock and fluids, and push and pull on the rock as it moves.
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What is the second type of body wave?
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The second type is the S wave. The S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock. The wave moves up and down, or side to side.
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What is the first type of surface wave?
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Love wave. It's the fast surface wave and moves the ground from side to side.
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What's the second type of surface wave?
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The Rayleight wave. A rayleight waves rolls alond the ground just like a wave across a lake or ocean. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down and side-to-side in teh same direction that the wave is moving. Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to the Rayleigh wave, which can be much larger than the other waves.
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