Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
kinetic theory of matter |
matter is made up of tiny particles at are always in motion |
|
|
thermal energy |
total energy of the submicroscopic particles that make up matter
|
|
|
-273 degrees K, absolute zero |
lowest limit of temperature |
|
|
heat |
flow of energy due to a temperature difference |
|
|
joules or calories |
heat can be measured in units of ? |
|
|
first law of thermodynamics |
when heat flows to or from a system, the system gains or loses an amount of heat equal to the amount of heat transferred |
|
|
second law of thermodynamics |
heat never spontaneously flows from a cold substance to a hot substance |
|
|
third law of thermodynamics |
no system can reach absolute zero |
|
|
entropy |
the measure of the disorder of a system |
|
|
specific heat capacity |
defined as the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 unit mass of a substance by 1 degree |
|
|
conduction |
transfer of internal energy by electron and molecular collisions within a substance |
|
|
insulation |
slows the rate at which internal energy flows |
|
|
good conductors |
composed of atoms with loose outer electrons; poor insulators |
|
|
poor conductors |
delay the transfer of heat ; good insulators |
|
|
convection |
transfer of heat involving only bulk motion of fluids |
|
|
radiation |
transfer of energy via electromagnetic waves that can travel through empty space |
|
|
low frequency vibrations |
= long waves |
|
|
high frequency vibrations |
= short waves |
|
|
newton's law of cooling |
approximately proportional to the temperature difference in the change in temperature between the object and its surroundings |
|
|
sublimation |
form of phase change directly from solid to gas |
|
|
electric force |
fundamental force of nature can attract some objects and repel others |
|
|
electric charge |
fundamental quantity underlying electric force and all electric phenomena |
|
|
fundamental rule for electricity |
like charges repel ; unlike charges attract |
|
|
electric conductors |
materials that allow easy flow of charged particles |
|
|
electric insulators |
materials having tightly bound electrons |
|
|
Coulomb's Law |
for a pair of charged objects much smaller than the distance between them, force between them varies directly |
