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120 Cards in this Set
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Germany Production
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Total area planted is around 100.000 ha, 64% is white wine (comparing to 87% in 1985), total production of 9.25 million hectoliters.
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Germany White Varieties
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Riesling is most planted with 22.5%, then Müller-Thurgau with 13%, follows Silvaner, Grauburgunder, and Weißburgunder in the range of 4-5%.
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Germany Red Varieties
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Spätburgunder is the most planted red variety with 11.5%, follows Dornfelder with 8%, Portugieser 4%, and Trollinger 2.5%.
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Deutscher Wein (former "Tafelwein")
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Since 1. August 2009 it is allowed to declare the grapevine variety on the label. Must reach a natural alcohol content (must weight) of 5% (44o Oechsle) in climatic zone A (all German wine-growing regions except Baden) and 6% (50o Oechsle) in climatic zone B (Baden). Must reach an existing alcohol content of at least 8.5%. Must reach a total acidity of at least 4.5 grams/liter.
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Deutscher Landwein (superior table wine)
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Grown in one of the 19 «Landwein» regions (i.e. permitted in all wine-growing regions except Franken); the region must be declared on the label; must reach a natural alcohol content of at least 0.5% more than simple Tafelwein and show «regional» characteristics; must be either trocken (dry) or halbtrocken (off-dry) in style.
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Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete
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Quality wine from one of the 13 specified wine-growing regions, must reach a natural alcohol content corresponding to a must weight between 51 and 72o Oechsle (depending on region and grape variety), must reach an existing alcohol content of at least 7% by volume.
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Qualitätswein garantierten Ursprungs (QgU)
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This a QbA from a specific district, vineyard or village that has a consistent taste profile associated with its appellation of origin. Such wines are subject to more stringent sensory and analytical requirements.
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Qualitatswein mit Prädikat
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Quality wine with special attributes; Must be grown in one Bereich (district) within one of the 13 specified wine-growing regions; the region must be declared on the label; must reach a natural alcohol content as legally prescribed for the region, grape variety and special attribute (level of ripeness at harvest) of the wine; must reach an existing alcohol content of at least 7% by volume (the minimum for Beeren-, Trockenbeerenauslese and Eiswein is 5.5% by volume).
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Chaptalization
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Chaptalization is allowed only up to the QbA level, not for Prädikatswein and all wines must be fermented dry if chaptalised. The EU wine law limits the amount of additional alcohol that can be achieved through this cellar technique to 3.5% by volume (28 grams of alcohol per liter) in zone A and 2.5% by volume (20 grams of alcohol per liter) in zone B.
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Amtliche Prufungsnumer (A.P.Nr.)
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The Amtliche Prufungsnumer (control number) which each label carries is in five sets; example: 2 607 030 07 06; The first set identifies the examining panel: in this case the 2 represents Bernkastel, the second block 607 identifies where the wine was bottled, the third 030 is the official number of the bottle, the fourth 07 identifies this as seventh bottling of the year, and the final number 06 is the year the wine was tested. This nuber is often, but not always, one year after the wine was made.
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Prädikat
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The different Prädikat designations differ in terms of the required must weight, the sugar content of the grape juice, and the level required is dependent on grape variety and wine-growing region and is defined in terms of the Oechsle scale. In fact the must weight is seen as a rough indicator of quality (and price).
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Prädikat Cont.
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The Prädikat is determined not by any characteristic of the finished wine, but rather by the concentration of sugars (must weight) in the must (grape juice) that was fermented in order to make the wine.
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Kabinett
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(67-85 Oechsle) Term for a wine which is made from fully ripened grapes of the main harvest, typically picked in September, and in theory it should be the lightest Prädikatswein; Kabinett wine is semi-sweet (lieblich) by default, but may be dry (trocken) or off-dry (halbtrocken) if designated so.
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Spätlese
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Meaning "late harvest" (76-95 Oechsle); The grapes are picked at least 7 days after normal harvest, so they are riper and have a higher must weight.; As both QbA and Kabinett are produced from grapes that have not fully ripened, Spätlese can more accurately be seen as the first level of German wine to be produced from ripe grapes. Not necessarily sweet.
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Auslese
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This means 'selective harvest' (83-105 Oechsle); The grapes are picked from selected very ripe bunches in the autumn (late November-early December). Some of the grapes may have been attacked by Botrytis Cinerea to give Edelfaule (noble rot). Resulting wines are sweeter but sometimes they will be made in the dry style Trocken.
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Beerenauslese
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'selected grapes' (110-128 Oechsle); The grapes are generally dehydrated by botrytis, produced in very small quantities. With no chaptalization, this means that the wine has a minimum potential strength of between 15.3 and 18.1 percent by volume, but only 5.5 percent need actually be alcohol, with residual sugar accounting for the rest.
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Trockenbeerenauslese
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dried up selected berries (150-154 Oechsle); Made only in exceptional years, when Edelfaule has affected the grapes and they have been left to shrivel up on the vine. In comparison to Sauternes, the wines are considerably sweeter, have a lower alcoholic strength and are usually not oaked. Dessert wine.
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Eiswein
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Made from grapes which have been left on the vine well into winter, and have been frozen prior to picking. The sugars and other dissolved solids do not freeze, but the water does, allowing a more concentrated grape must to be pressed from the frozen grapes, resulting in a smaller amount of more concentrated, very sweet wine.
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Bereich
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This is a district within an Anbaugebiet spanning many parishes and vineyards which all produce wine with similar characteristics, for example Bereich Bernkastel.
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Gemeinde
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A German word for "community" or "village." On German wine labels the name of the Gemeinde (appended with an er, which converts it to an adjective) precedes that of the Grosslage or Einzellage.
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Gemeinde example
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For example, the Einzellage named Mäuerchen associated with the village named Geisenheim appears on the label as "Geisenheimer Mäuerchen"; the Grosslage named Auflangen associated with the town of Nierstein appears as "Niersteiner Auflangen."
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Grosslage
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This is the name for a collection of vineyard sites, for example Rosengarten for the vineyards surrounding Rudesheim in the Nahe.
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Einzellage
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This is an individual vineyard site. The names of these sites are only permitted to be used on the label of QbA and Pradikatswein wines.
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"Classic"
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It must be dry in taste (not stated on the label), the RS content can be twice as high as the acidity, up to a maximum of 15 grams per liter, finished wines have at least 12% ABV (Mosel 11.5%).; It must be made from a traditional grape varietiety, and originate from one region which must be noted on the label along with the name of the producer. No vineyard name on label. ; Classic wines are made exclusively from one grape variety - with one exception: a Trollinger-Lemberger cuvée is permitted in Württemberg.
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"Selection"
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Selection was also introduced in 2000. In addition to the criteria for Classic wine, the grapes must be a single varietal, hand-picked and from one vineyard site, all of which must be noted on the label, and it must be at least 12.2 per cent ABV.
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"Selection" Cont.
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There are restrictions on yield and the wine may not be released until the September of the year following the harvest. Yields max. 60 hl/ha. Up to 9 grams per liter RS, except Riesling where RS can be 1.5 times as high as the acidity, up to a maximum of 12 grams per liter.
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The Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP)
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National German association of producers committed to top quality wine production founded in 1910 which promotes their wines through a new, three-tier hierarchy and a more restrictive classification of einzellagen than the government provides. Traditional Prädikat level sweet wines will still be produced on these sites but are not part of the VDP classification.
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The Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter three tier classification
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At the top is Grosse Gewächs followed by Klassifizierte Lagenweine (Ortsweine/Terroirwein) and at the bottom are Gutsweine.
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Grosse Gewächs
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Hand-harvested single vineyards with a maximum yield of 50 hl/ha. The required minimum must weight is equivalent to Spätlese; They are legally considered trocken and may not contain more than 9 g/l of residual sugar.
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Grosse Gewächs Labeling
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Terms such as "Grosses Gewächs" do not actually appear on the label "GG" is used in its place. In addition to the Erste Lage logo, capsules on all member estates' bottles must show the VDP logo: (a stylized eagle clasping a cluster of grapes)
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Klassifizierte Lagenweine / Ortsweine / Terroirwein
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Yields for these wines rise to 65 hl/ha, and minimum must weight and approved grape varietals are determined by region. Ortsweine are wines from specific regions or villages—but not grosslagen or bereiche , as the VDP has forbidden the use of these terms from member estates' labels. No restrictions on the taste profile (may be dry or sweet)
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Gutsweine
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These wines are designed to reflect an estate's basic house style, and are comprised of traditional grapes from the each region. Grapes destined for Gutsweine are permitted a maximum yield of 75 hl/ha. and have a higher must weight than that prescribed by law
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Sekt Sweetness
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naturherb (brut nature) 0-<3 g/l; extra herb (extra brut) 0-<6 g/l; herb (brut) 0-<12 g/l; extra trocken (extra dry) 12-<17 g/l;
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Sekt Sweetness Cont.
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trocken (dry) 17-<32 g/l; halbtrocken (semi dry)32-<50 g/l; mild (sweet) > 50 g/l plus.
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German Regions that produce more red than white
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Ahr and Wurttemberg
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Ahr Varieties
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Four out of five bottles of Ahr wine are red with Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir) the dominant variety. Riesling comprise just 8 percent of the region's vines. Other varieties Portugieser and Muller-Thurgau.
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Ahr Villages and Vineyards
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Ahrweiler (Erste Lage - Rosenthal and Silberberg); Altenahr (Altenahrer Eck); Dernau (Pfarrwingert); Heimersheim (Burggarten and Landskrone); Mayschoss (Monchberg); Neuenahr (Kirchturmchen, Schieferlay and Sonnenberg); Rech (Herrenberg); Walporzheim (Kräuterberg and Gärkammer). All Erste Lage vineyards in Ahr are planted with Spätburgunder.
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Ahr Soil
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Ahr is a deep valley—protected by the Hohe Eifel hills—which captures sunlight in its rocky, slaty soil. The dark soil, the reflected heat from the curious rock formations, and the protection from north winds that blow above the valley help to ensure the necessary summer warmth. Most of the best sites face south east to south west.
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Mittelrhein Soil
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Porous, steep, heat-trapping slate and quartzite slopes.
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Mittelrhein Varieties
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Riesling is planted on 69 per cent of the area under vine, Muller-Thurgau around 7 per cent and Spätburgunder accounts for just 8 per cent .
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Mittelrhein Villages and Vineyards
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Bacharach (Wolfshöhle, Posten and Hahn); Boppard (Mandelstein); Steeg (St Jost).
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Ahr Erste Lage Varieties
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All Erste Lage vineyards in Ahr are planted with Riesling except Bacharacher Hahn that has also a small portion of Spätburgunder.
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Mosel Soil
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Clayish slate and greywacke in the lower Mosel Valley (northern section); Devonian slate in the steep sites and sandy, gravelly soil in the flatlands of the middle Mosel Valley; primarily shell-limestone (chalky soils) in the upper Mosel Valley (southern section, parallel with the border of Luxembourg).
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Mosel Varieties
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Riesling (56.8%), Müller-Thurgau (16.1%), Elbling (7.2%) and (7%) Kerner. The rest is other German crossings. It is interesting that about 40 per cent of the vines are the original European vines, not those grafted on to American roots, as phylloxera appears to dislike the slate soil.
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Major town(s) in Mosel
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Koblenz (confluence of the Mosel and Rhine rivers), Cochem, Zell, Bernkastel, Piesport, Trier.
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Mosel Bereich
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Bereich Bernkastel is the most famous. Others are: Moseltor; Obermosel; Saar; Ruwertal; and Burg Cochem (previously known as Zell).
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Bereich Saar Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Wiltingen (Scharzhofberger); Saarburg (Rausch)
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Bereich Ruwertal Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Eitelsbach (Karthäuserhofberg); Mertesdorf (Abtsberg, Herrenberg, Bruderberg)
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Bereich Bernkastel Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Tritenheim (Apotheke); Piesport (Goldtröpfchen, Domherr); Brauneberg (Juffer, Juffer Sonnenuhr); Bernkastel‐Kues (Doktor, Lay); Graach an der Mosel (Domprobst, Josephshöfer, Himmelreich); Wehlen (Sonnenuhr); Zeltingen (Sonnenuhr); Ürzig (Wurzgarten); Erden (Prälat, Treppchen).
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Bereich Burg Cochem Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Winningen (Uhlen)
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Rheingau Soil
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Quartzite and weathered slatestone in the higher situated sites produce the greatest Riesling, while loam, loess, various types of clay, and sandy gravel soils of the lower vineyards give a fuller, more robust style. The blue phyllite-slate around Assmannshausen is traditionally thought to favor the Spätburgunder.
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Rheingau Varieties
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Riesling (78.2%), Spätburgunder (12.7%), Müller-Thurgau (1.9%) as well as Ehrenfelser, Kerner and Weissburgunder.
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Charta Estates Association
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In 1984 an organization called Charta was formed to promote the classic, dry style of Riesling from the Rheingau. 100 per cent own-estate production, only Riesling handpicked by tries, min. of 12 percent potential alcohol, max. production of 50 hl/ha, no Prädikat may be mentioned.
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Rheingau Bereich
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Bereich Johannisberg is the only bereich in the Rheingau and covers the whole region.
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Bereich Johannisberg Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Assmanshausen (Hollenberg); Rüdesheim (Berg Roseneck, Berg Rotland, Berg Schlossberg); Johannisberg (Schloss Johannisberg, Hôlle); Winkel (Schloss Vollrads, Hasensprüng, Jesuitengarten);
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Bereich Johannisberg Gemeinde (Einzellage) Cont.
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Hatenheim (Pfaffenberg, Mannberg); Hallgarten (Schönhell, Jungfer, Kloster Eberbach); Erbach (Marcobrunn); Keidrich (Gräfenberg); Eltville (Sonnenberg); Hocheim am Main (Holle, Kirchenstuck)
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Assmanshause
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Assmanshause is different from the other Rheingau villages as it produces more red wines than white (60 per cent is Spatburgunder).
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Rheinhessen
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This region has the largest area under the vine, but Liebfraumilch is the main wine produced in this area.
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Rheinhessen Varieties
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Müller-Thurgau (18%), Dornfelder (12.5%), Silvaner (10.3%), Riesling (10.1%) as well as many new crossings, e.g. Kerner, Scheurebe, Bacchus, Faberrebe and Huxelrebe, and the red varieties Portugieser, and Spätburgunder.
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Rheinhessen Soil
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Mainly loess but also limestone, sandy-marl, quartzite, porphyry-sand, and silty-clay. A red, slaty-sandy clay soil known as rotliegendes is found on the best, steep riverfront vineyards of Nackenheim and Nierstein.
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Rheinhessen Bereich
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Nierstein, Wonnegau, Bingen
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Bereich Nierstein Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Nackenheim (Rothenberg); Nierstein (Hipping, Petenthal); Oppenheim (Schutzenhüte, Sackträger);
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Bereich Wonnegau Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Flörsheim- Dalsheim; Westhofen (Morstein, Kirchspiel)
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Liebfraumilch
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Liebfraumilch today can be a blend from Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz or the Nahe. It must be a QbA wine from one of these four areas and must contain a min of 70 per cent of Riesling, Muller-Thurgau, Silvaner or Kerner. It is a semi-sweet wine (min 18 g/l rs).
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Pfalz
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It is Germany's second largest wine region in acreage, but often has the largest crop of all.
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Pfalz Climate
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The Pfalz is the sunniest and driest wine-producing region in Germany, sheltered by the Haardt Mountains (Vosgues extension) and Donnersberg hills.
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Pfalz Soil
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Loam is prevalent, often in a mixture with other soil types, such as loess, chalk, clay, colored sandstone or sand.
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Pfalz Varieties
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Riesling (20.4%), Dornfelder (13.2%), Müller-Thurgau (12.2%), Portugieser (10.7%) as well as Kerner, Silvaner, Scheurebe, Spätburgunder, Morio-Muskat, Weissburgunder and a small quantity of the specialty Gewürztraminer.
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Pfalz Bereich
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Südliche Weinstrasse and Mittelhaardt Deutsche Weinstrasse
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Bereich Mittelhaardt Deutsche Weinstrasse Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Kallstadt (Saumagen); Ungstein, Bad Dürckheim, Wachenheim, Forst (Kirchenstuck, Freundstuck, Pechstein, Ungeheuer, Jesuitengarten); Deidesheim (Hohenmorgen, Langenmorgen, Kieselberg); Ruppertsberg (Hoheburg).
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Nahe Varieties
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Riesling (25.1%), Müller-Thurgau (15.6%), Dornfelder (10.1%) as well as Silvaner, Kerner, Scheurebe, Bacchus and the red varieties Spätburgunder, Portugieser.
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Nahe Bereich
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Nahetal
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Bereich Nahetal Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Bad Kreuznach, Bad Munster, Norheim, Oberhausen (Brucke); Niederhausen (Hermanshöhle, Hermannsberg); Schloss Bockelheim (Kupfergrube, Felsenberg)
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Franken Varieties
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Müller-Thurgau (36.1%), Silvaner (20.7%), Bacchus (12.4%) as well as Kerner, Riesling, Spätburgunder, Scheurebe and a small quantity of the specialty Rieslaner, a white variety.
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Bocksbeutal
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Only Franken and nearby villages in northern Baden are allowed to use the Bocksbeutal, an ellipsoidal bottle that is protected by the European Union. More than 40% of all Franken wines are bottled in this kind of bottle.
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The best Franken Vineyards
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The best wines are produced from the vineyards around Wurzburg, there are two outstanding vineyards: Stein and Leiste. Wines produced from the Wurzburger Stein vineyards are permitted to be called Steinwein, other Franken wines are not.
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Franken Bereich
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Maindreieck, Mainviereck, and Steigerwald.
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Bereich Maindreieck Gemeinde (Einzellage)
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Wurzburg (Stein, Leiste); Eschendorf (Lump)
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Baden
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This is the German`s warmest region and only one to be classified as zone B (every other German region is in chilly Zone A) under the European Union's vineyard climate classification.
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Baden Varieties
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Müller-Thurgau (20.8%), Spätburgunder (35.1%), Grauburgunder, Riesling and Gutedel (ca. 7-9% each) as well as Weissburgunder, Silvaner and Gewürztraminer.
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Baden Bereich
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Tauberfranken, Badische Bergstrasse, Kraichgau, Ortenau, Breisgau, Kaiserstuhl,, Tuniberg, Markgräflerland, Bodensee.
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Saale-Unstrut
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Saale-Unstrut is the northernmost of Germany's 13 wine-growing regions, at 51 degrees northern latitude. It takes its name from the two rivers on the banks of which the vines of the region grow.
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Saale-Unstrut Varieties
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Müller-Thurgau (21.8%), Silvaner (8.7%), Weissburgunder (11.7%) as well as Kerner, Riesling and Traminer (ca. 6% each). Portugieser is the main red variety, followed by Spätburgunder and Dornfelder.
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Saale-Unstrut Bereich
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Schlossneuenberg, Thürigen
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Sachsen (Saxony)
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Also situated at 51 degrees northern latitude. It is situated along the Elbe river, and together with Saale-Unstrut only regions that are located in the former East Germany
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Sachsen Varieties
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Müller-Thurgau (20.9%), Riesling (15.9%), Weissburgunder (12.6%), Grauburgunder, Traminer, Kerner, Elbling and Scheurebe, a small quantity of the specialty Goldriesling, are the most important white varieties. Spätburgunder and Dornfelder are the primary red varieties.
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Sachsen Bereich
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Elstertal, Dresden, Meissen
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Wurttemberg
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It is the only German region to produce more red than white wine.
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Wurttemberg Varieties
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Riesling (19.1%), Trollinger (22.4%), Schwarzriesling (16.5%),Lemberger (11.7%), Spätburgunder (10.3%), as well as Kerner, Müller-Thurgau, and Silvaner.
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Württemberg Bereich
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Württembergischer Unterland; Württembergischer Bodensee; Kocher Jagst Tauber; Oberer Neckar; Remstal Stuttgart; Bayerischer Bodensee.
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Color seals
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Trocken (dry) wines bear a bright yellow seal; lime green seals identify halbtrocken (off-dry) wines; and red seals are reserved for wines that are sweeter.
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Burgunder
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The German word "Burgunder" denotes a member of the Pinot family, e.g. Spätburgunder (late-ripening Pinot Noir), Frühburgunder (earlier-ripening Pinot Noir), Grauburgunder (Pinot Gris), or Weissburgunder (Pinot Blanc). Schwarzriesling and Pinot Meunier are synonyms, as are Rivaner and Müller-Thurgau.
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Perlwein
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Perlwein is a carbonated wine with 1 - 2.5 atmospheres. The carbon dioxide is produced during fermentation and/or added before bottling. It is sold simply as Perlwein or, if the components are from one specified region, Qualitätsperlwein b.A.
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Trester
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Brandy Distilled from Grape Pomace. Trester is the German equivalent of French Marc or Italian Grappa.
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Hefebrand or Weinhefe
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Brandy Distilled from the Lees. Hefebrand is a brandy distilled from the lees, i.e. the yeast-rich sediment that remains after the grape juice has fermented into wine. Richer, rounder and softer than Trester, Hefebrand has a more vinous character.
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Weinbrand
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Brandy Distilled from Grape Wine. The German equivalent of French Cognac, Weinbrand is a brandy distilled from grape wine. It is usually softer and milder than its French counterpart.
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Traubenbrand
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Grape Schnapps. Traubenbrand is a spirit distilled from whole or crushed grapes without the addition of sugar, substances containing sugar or alcohol. It has a strength of 38 percent alcohol.
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Mosel wine growers' associations
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There are two major wine growers' associations in the Mosel region, the Großer Ring, which is a regional section of the VDP, and the Bernkasteler Ring.
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Saar
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River which rises in the Vosges Mountains and joins the Mosel at Konz, near Trier.
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Ruwer
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Small German river, 40 km/25 miles in length, which rises in the Hunsrück mountains and flows into the Mosel, downstream from Trier.
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Rhine (Ger. Rhein; Fr. Rhin)
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Begins in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Franco-German border, then flows through Germany and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands.
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Mosel
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Known as Moselle, rises in the Vosges mountains of France, forms the border between Luxembourg (in which it plays a key part in wine production) and Germany, and joins the river Rhein or Rhine at Koblenz in Germany, 545 km/340 miles later.
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Müller-Thurgau
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This crossing was developed in 1882 by a Dr Hermann Müller, born in the Swiss canton of Thurgau but then working at the German viticultural station at Geisenheim. Riesling × Madeleine Royale.
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Geisenheim
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Viticultural research institute named after the small town in the Rheingau region of Germany where it is sited.
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German name for Sauvignon Blanc
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Muskat-Silvaner
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Bacchus
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One of the most important German crossings. It was bred from a Silvaner × Riesling crossing, also grown in England.
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Dornfelder
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Red German crossing; notable for its depth of colour (useful in a country where pigments are at a premium), its good acidity, and, in some cases, its ability to benefit from barrique ageing and even to develop in bottle. Easy to grow and disease resistant.
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Kerner
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Aromatic white grape variety, crossing of Trollinger (a red variety also known as Schiava grossa or Vernatsch) and Riesling.
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Grauburgunder
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German synonym for Pinot Gris used for the increasingly popular dry wines made from this grape in Germany. Sweeter wines are normally labelled Ruländer.
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German synonym for Pinot Meunier
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Schwarzriesling
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Feinherb
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Synonym for halbtrocken used to describe a wine's sweetness level.
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Abfüllung
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Bottling
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Badisch Rotgold
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A specialty rosé wine made from a blend of Ruländer and Spätburgunder, Badischer Rotgold must be of at least QbA level, and can be produced only in Baden.
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German term for noble rot
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Edelfäule
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Gutsabfüllung
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This term literally means "bottled on the property" and has been taken up by those who feel that Erzeugerabfüllung has been so debased by the the cooperatives that it no longer stands for a wine that is truly estate-bottled. Gutsabfüllung can only be used by a winemaker who holds a diploma in oenology!
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Klassifizierter Lagenwein
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(wine from a classified site) is restricted to wines from classified vineyards that impart site-specific traits, with a maximum yield of 65hl/ha (285 cases/acre).
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Lieblich
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Technically medium-sweet, although nearer to the French moelleux, this wine may have up to 45 grams per liter of residual sugar.
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Süss
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A sweet wine with in excess of 45 grams per liter of residual sugar.
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Restusse
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Residual sugar
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Weissherbst
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A single-variety rosé produced from black grapes only, the variety of which must be indicated.
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