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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5-1 Forms of the Dative Case |
The chart above shows the dative forms of the definite article, other der-words (see Kapitel 4, Section 4-6), and ein-words (the indefinite article, the negative kein, and possessive adjectives). |
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5-2 Nouns in the Dative Plural |
Nouns in the dative plural add -n unless the plural form already ends in -n or in -s. |
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5-3 Masculine N-nouns in the Dative Case |
Masculine N-nouns add -n or -en in the dative as well as in the accusative case. See Appendix B-9 for a list of common masculine N-nouns. |
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5-4 Personal Pronouns in Dative Case |
The chart above shows the personal pronouns in the nominative, accusative, and dative case. |
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5-5 Demonstrative Pronouns in the Dative Case |
The dative case forms of the demonstrative pronouns are the same as the forms of the definite article except in the dative plural, which is denen. |
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5-6 The interrogative pronoun wer in the dative case |
The dative form of the interrogative pronoun wer is wem. |
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5-7 Uses of the Dative Case |
Indirect object: Ich gebe meiner Schwester meine Karte für das Popkonzert.
Object of prepositions: Ich hatte die Karte von einem Freund bekommen. Object of certain verbs: Meine Schwester dankt mir dafür. Adjectives with the dative: Und sie fragt mich: „Was bin ich dir schuldig?“ |
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5-8 Indirect Object |
Anna schenkt ihrem Vater eine neue CD. Anna is giving her father a new CD. Or Anna is giving a new CD to her father. The indirect object (e.g., Vater) is usually a person and answers the question to whom or for whom something is done. In German the indirect object is in the dative case. This distinguishes it from the direct object (e.g., CD), which is always in the accusative case.To determine in English whether a noun or pro- noun is an indirect object, add to or for before it: She’s giving a CD to her father. Unlike English, German never uses a preposition to signal the indirect object. Some verbs that can take both direct and indirect objects are: beschreiben bringen empfehlen erklären erzählen geben kaufen leihen sagen schenken schreiben zeigen |
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5-9 Word order of direct and indirect objects |
The form of the direct object determines the order of objects.When the direct (accusative) object is a noun, it usually follows the indirect (dative) object. When the direct (accusative) object is a personal pronoun, it always precedes the indirect (dative) object. Note that a pronoun, whether accusative or dative, always precedes a noun. |
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5-10 Dative Verbs |
lara: Du musst uns helfen. You have to help us. Unserer Band fehlt noch ein guter Sänger. Our band is still missing a good singer. pascal: Tut mir leid. I’m sorry. Es fehlt mir total an musikalischem Talent. I am totally lacking in musical talent. Most German verbs take objects in the accusative, but a few verbs have objects in the dative. This dative object is usually a person. Such verbs are often called dative verbs. Some common dative verbs are: antworten befehlen begegnen danken dienen fehlen folgen gefallen gehorchen gehören gelingen glauben helfen leidtun passen passieren raten schmecken verzeihen wehtun Der Film gefällt meiner Freundin Emma. My friend Emma likes the film. Die Filmmusik hat ihr auch gefallen. She also liked the film score. With some German dative verbs the person or thing liked (e.g., der Film, die er ) is the subject of the sentence and the person who does the liking (e.g., Freundin Emma, ihr) is in the dative case. In English it is the other way around.The person who does the liking is the subject of the sentence (e.g., friend Emma, she). Note that there are other expressions in which the dative object in German equals the subject in the English equivalent sentence: Es tut ihm leid. He is sorry. Es geht mir gut. I am fine. Some of the dative verbs take a dative object with persons but an accusative object with things or impersonal objects (e.g., es, etwas): befehlen, danken, glauben, raten, verzeihen. |
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5-11 Prepositions with the Dative Case |
The prepositions aus, außer, bei, gegenüber, mit, nach, seit, von, and zu are always followed by the dative case Some of the dative prepositions have additional meanings to those given in the preceding list. a | außer Another meaning of außer is out of: außer Gefahr (out of danger), außer Atem (out of breath). b | bei Bei can be used, in a general way, to indicate a situation: beim Lesen (while reading), bei der Arbeit (at work), bei diesem Wetter (in weather like this). Other uses include at (referring to place of business): beim Arzt (at the doc- tor’s), beim Friseur (at the hairdresser’s); and with (on one’s person): Geld bei sich haben (to have money with one). c | bei/mit One meaning of both bei and mit is with. They are not interchangeable, however. Bei means at the home of: Stefan wohnt nicht mehr bei seinen Eltern. Mit expresses the idea of doing something together: Stefan wohnt mit zwei Freunden zusammen. Er geht oft mit ihnen Ski laufen. d | gegenüber Gegenüber always follows a pronoun object: uns gegenüber (across from us). While gegenüber generally follows a noun object: dem Bahnhof gegenüber (opposite the train station), it may also precede the noun object: gegenüber dem Bahnhof. Von is often added to an expression with gegenüber: gegenüber vom Bahnhof. Gegenüber has a second common meaning. It shows a relationship to a person or thing: Der Beamte am Bahnhof war mir gegenüber sehr höflich. e | nach Note that when nach means according to, it usually follows the noun: meiner Meinung nach (in my opinion). Note the idiom: nach Hause (gehen) ([to go] home). f | nach / zu One meaning of both zu and nach is to. Zu is used to show movement toward people, zu unseren Nachbarn, and toward a location, zur Bank (to the bank). Nach is required with cities and countries used without a definite article: nach Österreich (to Austria). g | seit Seit plus the present tense is used to express an action or condition that started in the past but is still continuing in the present: Lars spielt seit einem Jahr in einer Band. (He has been playing in a band for a year.) Note that English uses the present perfect tense (has been playing) with since or for to express the same idea. Compare the use of seit as a conjunction (see Kapitel 3, Section 8). h | von / aus One meaning of both von and aus is from. They are not interchangeable, how- ever. Von is used to express leaving a place: Die Pianistin fliegt von Japan nach Deutschland. (The pianist is flying from Japan to Germany.) Aus is used with place names to express where a person is born or has been living: Sie ist aus Japan. (She is from Japan.) i | zu Note the idioms: zu Hause (at home), zu Fuß (on foot), zum Beispiel (for example). |
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5-12 Contractions of Dative Prepositions |
The prepositions bei, von, and zu often contract with the definite article dem, and zu also contracts with the definite article der. While contractions are generally optional, they are required: 1. in certain common phrases beim Wort nehmen zum Arzt gehen vom Arzt kommen zum Bäcker gehen zum Beispiel zur Post gehen zum Geburtstag zur Schule gehen
2. for infinitives used as nouns beim Essen zum Essen Contractions are not used when the noun is stressed or modified: Gehen Sie immer noch zu dem Bäcker in der Lenzstraße? Gehen Sie noch zu dem alten Arzt? |
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5-13 Adjectives with the Dative Case |
julia: Sind euch 20 Euro für das Konzert zu teuer? Are 20 euros for the concert too expensive for you? christian: Nein, das ist es mir wert. No, it’s worth it to me. tom: Mir ist es leider unmöglich so viel zu bezahlen. Ich bin meinem Bruder noch 40 Euro vom letzten Konzert schuldig. Unfortunately it’s impossible for me to pay so much. I still owe my brother 40 euros from the last concert. The dative case is used with many adjectives. Some common ones are: ähnlich (un)angenehm (un)bekannt bewusst böse Übungen dankbar egal fremd gleich (un)klar lieb schuldig (un)möglich teuer nahe wert peinlich (un)wichtig recht |
