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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are older ppl at higher risk of skin disorders? (4 reasons)
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-diminished immune system
-increased exposure to sun, smoke, pollutants -physiologic changes -increased chance of drug reactions/eruptions |
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What are the most common skin lesions?
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-contact dermatitis
-xerosis (dry skin) -atopic dermatitis -psoriasis -warts -fungal infection -herpes simplex or zoster -cancers |
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Poor hygiene and institutionalization increases the risk of what skin diseses?
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-scabies
-lice -yeast -skin |
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Immunocompromised pts have an increased risk for what skin disease?
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-scabies
-herpes zoster -fungal infections -skin ulcers -dermatoses |
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Radiation therapy may compromise the _________ system and lower skin ________.
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-lymphatic
-immunity |
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In a physical exam for skin, careful examination should include look at what?
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-skin
-hair -nails -all folds -mucous membranes -feet -scalp |
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What should you avoid in dealing with skin problems in the elderly?
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-excess bathing, rubbing alcohol, and H2O2
-corn starch |
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What are some acute causes of skin alterations?
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-lacerations
-abrasions -avulsions -crush injuries -puncture wounds -insect/mammalian bites -traumatic wounds -burns -skin tears |
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What are some causes of chronic skin alterations?
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-pressure ulcers
-arterial ulcers -venous ulcers -diabetic foot ulcers -non-healing surgical or traumatic wounds |
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What are some risk factors for developing wounds?
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-immobility
-gait abnormalities -age -frail skin -trauma -DM w/ or w/out neuropathy |
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What are some other risk factors for wounds to develop?
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-peripheral vascular disease
-surgery -autoimmune disease -chemotherapy -increased exposure to moisture -obesity -medications -smoking |
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Where are pressure ulcers usually located?
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-sacrum
-greater trochanter -ischial tuberosities -heels -lateral malleolus -back of head |
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Where are venous ulcers usually located?
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-below the knee
-mostly on medial malleolus |
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Where are arterial ulcers usually located?
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-pretibial area
-tips of toes -lateral malleolus |
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Where are diabetic ulcers usually located?
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-plantar surface of the foot
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What wounds should never have depridement?
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heel wounds
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When dressing a wound, ________ areas need to be removed prior to dressing change to promote healing?
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necrotic
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What chemical should never be used in packing?
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H2O2
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What are some dressing care for pressure ulcers?
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-relieve pressure
-keep wound bed clear of depris -keep head of bed low -suspend heels off bed w/special boots -maintain turning schedule -use Hoyer lift if necessary |
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What are some things done for dressing care of chronic wounds?
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-provide incontinence care
-use airflow mattress -out of bed for meals only -liber amounts of A & D to protect skin -Accuzyme -Panafil -change dressing q 12-24 hrs -consider negative pressure treatment for exudative stage 3-4 wounds |
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What are some wound treatments for arterial wounds?
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-keep moist
-perform daily foot care -encourage walking -manage pain -seek referral for revascularization |
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If you have dry gangrene, how do you treat?
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-keep open to air
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If you have wet gangrene, how do you treat?
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use Dakin's solution
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What is the treatment for venous wounds?
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-decrease edema
-consider multilayer compression bandage and change q 5-7 days -Unna boot, and change q 3-7 days |
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What is the treatment for diabetic ulcers?
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-daily foot care
-glycemic and infection control -non-weight bearing -Regranex gel -hospitalization |
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What are the cardinal skin changes for cellulitis?
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-edema
-erythema -warmth -pain -vesicular eruption -red streaking (lymphadenitis) |
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For cellulitis, what things can be seen on a physical exam?
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-fever
-tachycardia -tachypnea -hypotension -joint erythema -tenderness -edema |
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What are some diagnostic tests you can run for cellulitis?
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-CBC/diff
-Lytes, BUN and Creat -ESR -Blood cultures -X-ray -wound cultures -uric acid for gout |
