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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors contribute to changes in absorption of medications in the elderly?
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Increased gastric pH, decreased gastric emptying time, GI motility and GI blood flow.
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What factors contribute to the changes in distribution of medications in the elderly?
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Increased total body fat, decreased lean muscle mass, total body water, serum albumin and cardiac output.
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What factors contribute to the changes in the metabolism of medications in the elderly?
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Decreased liver mass, hepatic blood flow, and enzyme activity.
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What factors contribute to the changes in excretion of medications in the elderly?
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Decreased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and renal tubular function.
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Why does physiological aging increase medication related problems in the elderly?
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Because of the reduced homeostatic responses in the elderly, increased body fat (fat-soluble medications are recycled and stored longer), and decreased serum albumin.
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What is polypharmacy?
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The use of multiple medications in one individual and usually connotes the use of more drugs than are clinically indicated or the excessive and unnecessary use of drugs, which in turn increases patient morbidity.
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What are some reasons for polypharmacy?
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Multiple providers, multiple problems, and patients own OTC treatments.
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What is one strategy for reducing polypharmacy?
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Try nonpharmacologic treatments first.
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If there are no contraindications, how much water is recommended for the elderly?
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Drink eight 8 ounce glasses of water a day.
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What percentage of the daily caloric intake should be protein? With surgery, does this increase or decrease?
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25% protein; this increases with surgery or wounds.
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What percentage of the total caloric intake should be fat?
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Less than 30%; decrease saturated fat and increase unsaturated fats.
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What are the benefits of having a high fiber diet?
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Decreases cholesterol, decreases incidence of CAD, and decreases constipation.
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What are the daily caloric recommendations for elderly men and women?
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Women - 1600-1900 calories/day
Men - 2200-2500 calories/day |
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Failure to thrive can be caused by what?
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Cancer, depression, isolation, abuse, and chronic diseases.
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If a patient has failure to thrive, what are some important labs to perform?
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CBC (infection, anemia, cancer), glucose, electrolytes, LFT's and albumin.
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What are the goals of rehabilitation?
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Avoiding destructive immobility, importance of small gains, and home safety and accessibility.
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How often should elders receive pneumococcal vaccine?
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every 5 years
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