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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The most critical issue facing geriatrics patients is what?
loss of independence
At what age are patients eligible for medicare?
apprx 65
medications are covered by what part of medicare?
part D
skilled nursing facilities are covered by what part of medicare?
part A
physician and outpatient costs are covered by what part of medicare?
part B
What age group is expected to have the largest population growth in the next forty years?
65 and up (Baby Boomers)
What ethnicity/sex has the highest life expectancy. Lowest?
Highest = White female, Lowest = Black Male
What program assists elderly patients when they have run out of money for living expenses?
Medicaid
Most geriatric patients live in assisted living facilities (true/false)
false (most live with spouses or alone)
Are cataracts, presbyopia and decreased myopia normal with aging?
yes
Senescence is a fancy word for _______
aging
Is senescence universal to all organisms?
no (bacteria don't age)
What is progeria?
premature aging (Hutchinson-Gilford and Werner Syndromes)
What is a cataract?
Opacification of the lens of the eye due to glycosification of proteins
What is presbyopia?
increasing stiffness of the lens and inability to accomodate and see close objects
myopia gets _______ with age. hyperopia gets _________
better, worse
Is hearing loss with age normal? what is it called?
yes, presbyacusis
What diseases should you consider when diagnosing hearing loss in the elderly?
Meniere’s Disease
Syphilis
Hereditary progressive sensorineural hearling loss
Infections
Noise induced
Autoimmune disorders
Head trauma
Otosclerosis
What processes relating to eating remain unaffected with age?
taste, food enjoyment, salivatory output
What are some reasons for loss of height in the elderly?
loss of bone mass, increased thoracic kyphosis, decreased intervertebral disc height
does GFR increase, decrease or remain the same with age?
decreases
what is observed of survival rates following hip fracture?
significant decrease
what happens to skeletal muscle with aging?
decreased strength and mass
why do old people get all wrinkly?
thinning skin, atrophy of subQ adipose tissue
Are skin lesions normal with aging?
no
Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin; what stage pressure sore?
Stage I
Full-thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous tissue but not underlying fascia. what stage pressure sore?
Stage III
Full-thickness injury with damage or necrosis of underlying muscle, bone, tendon or joint. what stage pressure sore?
Stage IV
Superficial ulcer, abrasion, blister or shallow crater. what stage pressure sore?
Stage II
Is decreased brain weight a process of normal aging?
yes
What happens to parasympathetics on the heart with aging?
decrease, atropine becomes less effective
what are the declining GI secretion-absorption functions with aging?
Gastric prostagladin synthesis
Bicarbonate secretion
Nonparietal fluid secretion
Jejunal lactase activity
Vitamin D absorption
Zinc absorption
Calcium absorption
Is it normal to start to see protein in urine with age?
NO, pathological
What are the six ADL's
Bathing, Continence, Dressing, Feeding, Toileting, Transfering
Preparing meals, doing laundry, taking medication, and using the telephone are ADL's or IADL's?
IADL's
What is the maximum score on a MMSE?
30
What should be considered in geriatric nutrition?
protein calorie malnutrition common
What are the top 5 diseases killing adults over 65?
Heart Disease, Cancer, Stroke, Respiratory Disease, Alzheimer's
What contributes to cardiovascular disease in the elderly?
vascular stiffness, decreased ventricular filling, impaired cardiac output, degeneration of conduction system
Are cancer deaths higher among men or women?
men
Fatty deposits in the internal carotid would cause a __________ stroke. A _________ stroke would be caused by a blood clot in the cerebrum.
thrombotic, embolic
What is the most major complication of diabetes mellitus?
neuropathy
What is executive function?
ability to take what is at hand and formulate a thought process
Is dementia a normal part of aging?
no, it is a disease process
What are the top six etiologies of dementia?
Alzheimer's, Vascular dementia, Dementia w/ Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Reversible dementia
What is the trend on MMSE based on education?
patients with less education have lower scores
Define orthostatic hypotension
A fall in Systolic Blood Pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or to less than 90 mm Hg when moving from a supine to standing position.
What is an "Orange Card"
confirms a patients desire for DNR order
What are Elisabeth Kubler's 5 stages of grieving?
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Warfarin dose will need to be increased in patients with liver disease (true/false)
false
How is drug distribution affected in old age?
decline in lean body mass, increase in body fat, decrease in total body water (hydrophilic drugs have increased concentration, lipophilic drugs have decreased concentration, protein bound drugs have higher concentration)
Drugs metabolized in Phase I reactions will be available in higher or lower concetrations?
higher
What is the formula for CrCl?
140 (wt in kg) (.85 if female) / 72 x serum Cr