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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is health promotion?
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the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health
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What is optimal health?
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the balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual and intellectual health
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How is the response to vaccine altered?
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diminished response
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What vaccines are recommended?
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Tetanus
Influenza Pneumococcal Shingles |
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When is the tetanus shot recommended?
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1 dose every 10 years
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When is the influenza vaccine recommended?
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annually
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When is the pneumococcal dose recommended?
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On dose
Needs a revaccination if over the age of 65 and had the vaccine under the age of 65 and 5 years has passed |
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When is the shingles vaccine recommended?
What is it called? |
For those over age 60
Zostavax |
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What vaccines are covered by medicare?
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Influenza and pneumococcal
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How many years of life do men age 65 gain when they quit smoking?
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1.4-2.0 years
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How many years of life do women age 65 gain when they quit smoking?
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2.7-3.7 years
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Do elders have the same quit percentage as younger adults?
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Yes
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What does "death valley" refer to in smokers?
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smokers age 50-65
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What are the benefits of quitting smoking at an older age?
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increases the quality of life, can still add years back to their life expectancy
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How many years does smoking take off of life expectancy?
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13-15 years
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Why do elderly have increased sensitivity to alcohol?
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liver less efficient
smaller volume of water for body to distribute alcohol to |
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Why is alcohol abuse underdiagnosed?
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classic clues are mistaken for age-related causes
clues are misattributed to coexisting disease |
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What are classic clues of alcohol abuse?
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dementia
confusion memory loss disorientation falls bruises fractures incontinence malnutrition |
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What common clues of alcohol abuse can be misattributed to coexisting disease?
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depression
HTN sleep disturbances peripheral neuropathy seizures cardiomyopathy |
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What are the components of the CAGE questionnaire?
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Felt the need to CUT down
People ANNOYED you w/ criticizing your drinking Felt GUILTY Need drink EARLY in the morning |
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What lab values are increased in an alcoholic?
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GGT- gamma glutamyl transferase
MCV- 100-110 CDT- serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin (80-90% specific) |
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What meds can be used to treat alcoholism?
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Naltrexone (ReVia)
Acamprose (Campral) |
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How does Naltrexone (ReVia) work to treat alcoholism?
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opiod antagonist that block the high
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How does Acamprose work to treat alcoholism?
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reduces physical distress and emotional discomfort
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What med should not be used in the elderly to tx alcoholism?
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Antabuse
Has cardiovascular complications |
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What is formication?
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visual hallucinations from withdrawl that are accompanied by tactile hallucinations
(feels something crawling across skin) |
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How can delirium tremors due to alcohol withdrawal be tx?
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Benzodiazepines (diazepam, larazepam, oxazepam)
In extreme cases haloperidol or stronger benzos (temazepam) |
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What are the ABC's of preventing CV disease?
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A- antiplatlet
B- Beta Blockers C- Cholesterol management |
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When should BB be considered in an elderly pt?
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Not as first line therapy for HTN
used with known CAD |
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What are the LDL goals for an elder with heart disease?
An elder at high risk? All other elders? |
< 70
< 100 < 130 |
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Are statins over or under used in elderly pts?
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underused
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What bone density value is considered osteoporosis?
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bone density that is 2.5 standard deviations below the young adult peak bone density
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What bone density value is considered osteopenia?
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bone density that is 1 to 2.5 standard deviations below the young adult peak bone density
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For every 1 standard deviation below the peak bone mass the risk of vertebral fractures is ________ the normal?
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2 times
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For every 1 standard deviation below the peak bone mass the risk of hip fractures is ________ the normal?
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2.5 times
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Does a previous fracture increase the risk for more fractures?
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Yes
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When should screening be done for osteoporosis?
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All women at age 65
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What is the treatment for osteoporosis?
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Exercise
Calcium (1200-1500mg QD) Vitamin D (800IU QD) Bisphosphates (drugs that end in -dronate) Parathyroid hormone (20ug QD) |
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Are selective estrogen receptor modulators indicated for osteoporosis?
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Not anymore
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Are there a standard set of recommendations for cancer screenings?
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No, decisions to screen for cancer should be addressed individually
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What are the most common cancers that are screened for?
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Breast
Cervical Colon Prostate |
