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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many new cases of cancer per year
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1.3 million
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how many people die of cancer per year? per day?
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1/2 million per year, 1300 per day
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approximately how many new oral cancer cases per year (?)
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28,000
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what is the lifetime probability of developing cancer in the oral cavity
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1 in 73
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what is the 5 year cancer survival rate amongst caucasians? african americans?
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61% in caucasians, 39% in african americans
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what is the most common type of oral cancer
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squamous cell carcinoma
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what percentage of SCC occurs in pts over 40 years of age
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95%
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what is the average onset age for SCC
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60
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what is the most common site for SCC
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tongue (53% in the anterior 1/3)
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what is the etiology and predisposing factors for oral cancers
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age, immune system, viruses, tobacco, and alcohol
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what plays a major role in the dev't of cancer in facial areas
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solar irradiation
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what materials are commonly used for prosthetics
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quartz, gold, silver, wood, rubber, silicones since 1960, MDX 4210
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how many long term care facilities are in oklahoma? how many residents?
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385, with over 20k residents
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what % of eligible residents receive dental care
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2%
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what percentage of eligible residents have an applied income such as medicaid that can be redirected
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81%
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what house bills allowed hygienists to see pts in home ? what were they allowed to do?
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HB: 1443/1445, allowed to do exams and initial assessments, health hx, tx planning, temporary fillings, and cleanings
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what are the very basic dental problems facing many in long term care facilities
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caries, periodontal disease, oral pathology, and prosthetics
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what are potential sequila for an abcess
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can progress into ludwig's angina
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poor oral hygiene contributes to what diseases
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heart disease (MI and stroke), diabetes, infective Endocarditis, respiratory diseases, osteoporosis
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edentulous residents should be examined at least how often
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annually
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dentures should be taken out at least how many hours a day
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8 hours, and cleaned daily
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most older adults are as interested in oral health as younger adults and older adults care about how they look T/F
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true
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what is the 7th leading cause of death at home
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falls
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plaque control requires time, patience, and motivation T/F
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true, although you would think that brushing would make the list.... apparently not
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what is the best predictor for risk of root caries
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previous root caries (and no, i am not making this crap up)
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what percent of pts over 75 do not use a fluoride toothpaste
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1/3
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what is recommended for low risk root caries pts
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fluoride dentifrice, mouthwash, or other fluoride source. chew sugar free gums
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what is recommended for moderate risk root caries pts
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in office fluoride tx and decrease sucrose intake
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what is recommended for high risk root caries pts
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same as moderate risk with use of prevident, and/or home fluoride gel in custom tray
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when would peridex be contraindicated
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in xerostomia pts or alcoholics because it contains alcohol
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what is contained in Soothe Rx and what does it do
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Novamin, a material that can induce the formation of new hydroxyapatite which is almost identical to the tooth mineral that is naturally replenished by saliva
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which of these does not always need to be assessed: chief complaint, pt medications, condition of hard tissue, condition of gingiva, pt ability to carry out homecare
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THESE ALL SHOULD ALWAYS BE ASSESSED
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the masticatory effectiveness of a denture is approximately what % compared to the natural dention
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20% as strong as natural dentition
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loss is one of the predominant themes of emotional problems in the older population T/F
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true
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chronic pain is often associated with depression T/F
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true
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hearing loss can lead to what attitude changes
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suspiciousness and paranoia, also commonly associated with depression
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what are internal, automatic, unconcious processes whereby the personality protects itself by attempting to provide psychological stability in the midst of conflicting or overwhelming needs and stresses that are part of human existence
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defense mechanisms
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what is the primary emotional disorder of old age
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depression
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suicide is highest in what group
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elderly caucasian men
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depression is: reversible or irreversible
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reversible
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what is an irrational suspiciousness of other peole
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paranoia
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what is the most common psychosis in later years
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paranoia
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what is the chronic disease characterized by serious often irreversible deterioration in cognition
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dementia
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what is the leading cause of dementia in people over the age of 71
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alzheimer's (vascular is 2nd)
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what is the most common form of dementia
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Alzheimer's Disease
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what is the average duration for Alzheimer's Disease
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8 years
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what is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease
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age
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the brains of people with AD have an abundance of what two abnormal structures
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beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tanges
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what are the dense deposits of protein and cellular material that accumulates outside and around nerve cells associated with AD
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beta-amyloid plaques
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what are the twisted fibers that build up inside the nerve cell associated with AD
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neurofibrillary tangles
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what protein that normally helps stabilize microtubules associated with neurons is changed by alzheimer's disease, causing the microtubules to collapse, and the protein to clump together to form neurofibrillary tangles
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tau
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signs of AD are 1st seen where?
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entorhinal cortex
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what is the first sign of alzheimer's
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memory loss
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what are the two main types of alzheimer's? what type is most common?
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early and late onset. late onset is more common.
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what protein is believed to be involved in the formation of beta-amyloid plaques associated with AD
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ApoE
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what amino acid that is a risk factor for heart disease has also been shown to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease
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homocysteine
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do flu shots increase the risk of AD
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no they apparently reduce the risk
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what drugs are used to treat mild to moderate AD symptoms
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aricept, exelon, reminyl, and namenda
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hypochlorhydria causes what
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atrophic gastritis (can alter the absorption of vitamin b12
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what is a weakening of the gag reflex that causes swallowing difficulties
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dysphagia
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what supplements can be beneficial in improving immune function
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vitamin E, zinc, and multivitamins
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what is the DRI (daily recommended intake?) for vitamin D
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15 mcg
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what is the DRI for vitamin b12 in the elderly
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2.4 mcg
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what is the cuase of decreased absorption of folate
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decreased hydrochloric acid secretions
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what is the DRI for folate in the elderly
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400 mcg
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what is the DRI for vit b6 in the elderly
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1.5 for women and 1.7 for men
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what are the common sources of antioxidants
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colorful fruits and veggies, tea, soy, chocolate, and whole grains
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