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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gerontology
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multidiciplinary study for the PROCESSES of aging
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Geriatrics
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medical specialty, focuses on disease prevention and management
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geriatric dentistry
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part of an interdisciplinary team with other health professionals
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chronological age vs. biological age
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how many years have you lived
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maximum life spac
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max # od years a fiven species could expec to live if environmental hazards were eliminated.
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life expectancy
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probability estimate
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T/F Life expectancy of males and females is INCREASING
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True
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T/F life expectancy is greater in white females vs. black females
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both are expected to live longer than males in general
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T/F By 2030 20% of the population will be 65 yoa +
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True
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Baby Boomer
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person born 1946-1964
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T/F Baby boomers tend to be less educated and have less expectations about maintaining their natural dentition
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False
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what age is the demarcation between middle and old aged?
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65
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young old
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65-74
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old-old
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75-84
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oldest-old
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85+
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how many people are 65+?
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37.3 million
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how many centenarians?
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~70,000
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what portion of the older population is the fastest growing segement?
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the oldest-old
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how many americans are 85+
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~3.2 million
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of oklahoma's 3.5 million people, how many are age 60+?
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~18% (600,000)
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what percentage of OK's population is 55-59?
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6.1% (200,000)
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what percentage of older adults have at least one chronic condition?
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80%
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what percentage of older adults have at least 2 chronic conditions
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50%
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what are the conditions for women out-living men?
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places women are no longer required to perform extreme physical labor, have adequate sanitation and decreased maternal mortality rates
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by how many years do women normally outlive men?
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6 (85% of of women outlive their husbands)
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Ratio of men per 100 women ages 55-64
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92: 100
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Ratio of men per 100 women at 85+
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46:100
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T/F men are less likely to remarry if widowed?
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False
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T/F aging men face few financial problems
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true
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t/f a greater # of men are married vs. women at 65
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true (percentage-wise)
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t/f a greater # of women are widowed at 65 vs. men
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true
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at any one time, how many 65+ are institutionalized?
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5-6%
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how many 65+ require daily assistance?
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15%
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how many 65+ are able to live independently?
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80%
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what is agism?
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stereotyping about old age
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t/f aging is a highly individual experience, a natural process influenced by genetics, nutrition, stress, exercise, and many older people are in good health
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true
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what is the chance that an american will be poor at some time in his or her life after 60?
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4 in 10 (40%)
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t/f dental concerns for the older population fall well behind chronic medical conditions
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with only 20% of older Americans carrying dental insurance
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what is the biggest life change?
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Retirement
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t/f social security benefits only replace 50% of income
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FALSE
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in 2005, what % of people 65-69 were still working?
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33%
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t/f As working older men have increased in the last 40 years, working older women have decreased.
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False
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how many women work full-time in every age group? what percentage of these women have pensions?
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50 million
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what percentage of geriatric women are living close to poverty?
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41%
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what percentage of women earn 45,000 or less/
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9 out of 10 (90%)
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t/f in the last 10 years, women aged 70-74 in the work force has quadrupled
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false
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what percentage of older americans pay for dental expenses out-of-pocket
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75%
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what is the number one factor determining whether a person goes to the dentist?
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INSURANCE
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t/f in 50% of Boomer households, both spouses work
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False
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what percentage of Boomer households made 70,000+ in 2001?
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39%
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what was the net worth of Boomer households in 2004?
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$152,000
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t/f the geriatric poverty rate has declined sharply in the past 50 years
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from 35% in 1959 to ~10% in 2004.
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what is the median income for geriatric men and women?
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21,000 for men
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when will social security funds be exhausted?
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2042
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what is the average yearly benefit for SS?
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$11,000
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what % of companies offer a pension plan?
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20%
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what is the strongest leg of the 3-legged stool?
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SAVINGS
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the 75th percentile has how many times more wealth than the 25th percentile?
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10X
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what % of older americans (60+) will not be able to afford a basic dental examination?
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40%
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what % of elderly have untxed dental caries?
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1/3
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t/f 80% of those considering retirement have the financial means to support the same standard of living as they had when they were working.
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False, 40%
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what is title XVII?
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medicare benefits
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What does Medicare part A provide?
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Hospital insurance
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what is Medicare part B?
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supplemental medical insurance that must be payed
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what is 'Medigap'?
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part of part B coverage began in 1980
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What is the age of cut off for dental benefits for Medicaid?
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over the age of 21
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phychological aging vs. social aging
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changes that occur in the sensory and perceptual processes, mental fx, adaptive capacity and personality vs. a person's changing roles and relationships with family and friends.
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what is a cohort study?
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describes a group of people who were born at appox the same time and share many common experiences.
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what is active aging?
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the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation, and security in order to enhance the quality of life as people age.
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what are the top 5 leading causes of death in adults aged 65+ in the US?
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1. Heart Disease 2. CA 3. cerebrovascular diseases 4. COPD 5. pneumonia and flu
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what are the top 5 chronic conditions of 65+ in the US?
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1. arthritis 2. HTN 3. heart disease 4. chronic sinusitis 4. diabetes
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what is the prevalence of dementia in 65+?
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~1% at age 60 and doubles every 5 years
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what is the prevalence of alzheimers?
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10% over the age of 65
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what is the 2nd most common result from stroke?
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vascular dementia
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falls: what is the percentage of accidental falls in older adults/yr?
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33%
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what is the ratio of falls that result in fracture?
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1: 20
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what percentage of adults 65+ are edentulous?
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30-40%
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what percentage of 65+ have LOA?
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95%
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t/f in healthy older adults, there are no age-related decreases in salivary flow
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true
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2 meds to increase exocrine excretions & stimulate salivary glands
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cevemeline and pilocarpine
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what is the main reason for the loss of some taste sensation in older adults?
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loss of sense of smell
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sudden loss of taste/smell may be due to what?
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brain tumor
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what % of older adults complian of swallowing/esophogeal problems? what can be done/
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33%
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mid to late dementia, one might want to have who in the room with the pt?
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a familiar person
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aphasia
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inability to understand or communicate spoken or written word
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dysphagia
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inability to swallow
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when is max fx regained in a stroke pt?
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usually by 6 months after the incident
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Right-side CVA
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contralateral motor deficit
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Left-side CVA
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contralateral motor deficit
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what is most paramount is treating a stroke pt?
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protection of the airway
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what changes occur in the tooth structure with age?
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thickness of enamel declines, it becomes less hydrated, superficial increases in F-
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90% of oral CAs are what?
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squamous cell carcinomas
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t/f acute, throbbing pain is a common symptom in the older adult
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false
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what is the most prevalent cause of tooth loss in old age>
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periodontal disease (and caries)
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t/f changes in the periodontium because of aging alone are sufficient to cause tooth loss
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false
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Root caries: what is a requirement for their development?
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recession of gingiva
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root caries are often associated with conditions that produce _______?
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xerostomia
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what accounts for the majority of lesions found in older adults?
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recurrent caries
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what is the limit of 2% lido with 1:100,000 epi/appt with an older adult?
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2 carpules
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do you use retraction cord with epi? why or why not?
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NO...overdose of epi in older pt.
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etiology of angular cheiltis? other contributing factors?
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c. albicans
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red, denuded, shiny tongues is indicative of what condition?
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xerostomia
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elders are admitted to the hospital three times the rate of younger people as a consequence of ADR? T/F
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True
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what % of deaths due to ADR are in the population of people 60+?
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51%
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what is the estimated # of deaths annually due to ADRs in older pop.?
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50-75K
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what is the 2nd leading cause of accidental death in the US?
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poisioning due to Rx drugs
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what is the estimated cost of inappropriate meds and their consequences in older people?
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200 Billion/yr
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what % of Rx drugs are taken by those of the age of 65?
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30%
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what % of OTC drugs are taken by 65+?
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40-50%
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t/f 50% of older people take at least one medication/day?
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false
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what % of older people are taking inappropriate meds (Beer's List)?
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25%
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what % of meds are considered to be unneccessary/
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30%
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increased morbidity and mortality associated with drug-drug interactions in the elderly is due to what?
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decreased physiological reserve
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what % of falls/accidents are due to unneccessary sedative use by the elderly?
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40%
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t/f majority of people 50+ lose 1% of renal fx/decade
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false 10%/decade
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pharmacokinetics vs. pharmocodynamics
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kinetics=what the body does to the drug (breakdown, half-life, etc)
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with NSAIDs, what should one prescribe to prevent GI bleeding?
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PPI proton pump inhibitor
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older pop usually has an greater/lessor response to drug dosage?
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greater
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t/f 3 of the top 10 selling herbal supplements interact with warfarin
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false 7 out of the 10
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M.A.S.T.E.R.
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Minimize # of drugs
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ADL vs. IADL
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activities of daily living: self-care, feeding, dressing, bathing, etc
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what is double social jeopardy?
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old and female
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what is triple social jeopardy?
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old, female, and minority
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at what age does menopause usually occur? what physiological ramifications does it have?
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50
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t/f cardiac fibers undergo mitosis
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false
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which heart valves usually thicken with age?
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mitral and aortic
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what is the most common cardiovascular pathology of the elderly?
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arteriosclerosis= elevated BP
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primary vs. secondary osteoporosis
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1': postmenopausal, senile, idiopathic
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what is the etiology of osteoporosis?
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estrogen deficiency, decreased osteoblastic activity, decreased mobility, hormonal factors, mineral deficiencies, smoking, etc.
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what is osteoarthritis?
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degeneration of cartilage in joints
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what respiratory changes are common in older adults?
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decreased expansion and respiratory volume due to decreased elasticity of tissue
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over the age of 60, how much does the brain's cortical tissue decrease in size?
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5-10%
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what changes of the eye are common in older adults?
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decreased adaptation of the pupil to the light
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what ramification does progressive loss of kidney fx have?
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high levels of drugs in blood.
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